LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions
1. A client has a prescription for a soft diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse offer?
- A. Fresh apples
- B. Mashed potatoes
- C. Raw carrots
- D. Nuts
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a client is on a soft diet, it is important to offer foods that are easy to chew and swallow. Mashed potatoes are a suitable choice for a soft diet as they are soft in texture and easy to digest. Fresh apples, raw carrots, and nuts are harder and may not be appropriate for a soft diet. Fresh apples and raw carrots require more chewing, and nuts are hard and crunchy, which can be difficult for someone on a soft diet to consume. Therefore, mashed potatoes are the correct option for a client on a soft diet.
2. A client with hypertension is being educated by a healthcare professional about lifestyle changes. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should consume foods low in potassium.
- B. I should consume foods low in sodium.
- C. I should consume foods high in saturated fats.
- D. I should consume foods high in cholesterol.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I should consume foods low in sodium.' This statement indicates an understanding of managing hypertension. Excessive sodium intake can lead to increased blood pressure, so reducing sodium consumption is crucial in hypertension management to prevent complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Consuming foods low in potassium is not typically recommended for hypertension management as potassium-rich foods like fruits and vegetables can be beneficial. Consuming foods high in saturated fats and cholesterol can be detrimental to cardiovascular health and should be limited in individuals with hypertension.
3. A client with hyperkalemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
- B. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
- C. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
- D. I should decrease my intake of sodium-rich foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Correct! Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. To manage hyperkalemia, it is essential to decrease the intake of potassium-rich foods since excess potassium can worsen the condition. By understanding the need to decrease potassium-rich foods, the client shows comprehension of the dietary management required for hyperkalemia. Choice A is incorrect because increasing potassium-rich foods would exacerbate hyperkalemia. Choice C is incorrect since increasing sodium-rich foods is unrelated to managing hyperkalemia and could potentially lead to other health issues. Choice D is incorrect as decreasing sodium-rich foods is not the primary focus when managing hyperkalemia.
4. A client with hypertension is being taught about the DASH diet. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
- B. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
- C. I should increase my intake of fruits and vegetables.
- D. I should decrease my intake of whole grains.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is recommended for managing hypertension. Increasing the intake of fruits and vegetables is a key component of the DASH diet as these foods are rich in nutrients that can help lower blood pressure levels. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they go against the principles of the DASH diet, which focuses on reducing sodium intake, increasing potassium-rich foods, and consuming whole grains.
5. A client has a new prescription for a low-fat diet. Which of the following foods should be recommended?
- A. Bacon
- B. Whole milk
- C. Chicken breast
- D. Cheese
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When following a low-fat diet, it is essential to choose foods that are low in fat. Chicken breast is a lean protein source that is low in fat, making it a suitable option for a low-fat diet. Bacon, whole milk, and cheese are higher in fat content and should be avoided or limited in a low-fat diet. Bacon is high in saturated fat, whole milk contains significant amounts of fat, including saturated fat, and cheese is also high in fat. Therefore, these options are not ideal for a low-fat diet.
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