LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions
1. A client has major fecal incontinence and reports irritation in the perianal area. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Apply a fecal collection system
- B. Apply a barrier cream
- C. Cleanse and dry the area
- D. Check the client's perineum
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When a client with major fecal incontinence reports irritation in the perianal area, the nurse's initial action should be to assess the client's perineum to gather more information. By checking the perineum, the nurse can identify the extent and nature of the irritation, allowing for appropriate interventions to be initiated. This assessment is crucial in developing a comprehensive care plan and addressing the client's immediate needs effectively. Applying the nursing process priority-setting framework helps in planning care and prioritizing nursing actions, making assessment the initial step in this scenario. Applying a fecal collection system (choice A) would be premature without assessing the perineal area first. Similarly, applying a barrier cream (choice B) or cleansing and drying the area (choice C) should follow the assessment to ensure appropriate interventions are chosen based on the assessment findings.
2. A client with hypertension is being educated by a healthcare professional about lifestyle changes. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should consume foods low in potassium.
- B. I should consume foods low in sodium.
- C. I should consume foods high in saturated fats.
- D. I should consume foods high in cholesterol.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'I should consume foods low in sodium.' This statement indicates an understanding of managing hypertension. Excessive sodium intake can lead to increased blood pressure, so reducing sodium consumption is crucial in hypertension management to prevent complications. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Consuming foods low in potassium is not typically recommended for hypertension management as potassium-rich foods like fruits and vegetables can be beneficial. Consuming foods high in saturated fats and cholesterol can be detrimental to cardiovascular health and should be limited in individuals with hypertension.
3. A client has a new prescription for a low-fat diet. Which of the following foods should be recommended?
- A. Bacon
- B. Whole milk
- C. Chicken breast
- D. Cheese
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When following a low-fat diet, it is essential to choose foods that are low in fat. Chicken breast is a lean protein source that is low in fat, making it a suitable option for a low-fat diet. Bacon, whole milk, and cheese are higher in fat content and should be avoided or limited in a low-fat diet. Bacon is high in saturated fat, whole milk contains significant amounts of fat, including saturated fat, and cheese is also high in fat. Therefore, these options are not ideal for a low-fat diet.
4. A healthcare professional is supervising a newly licensed colleague who is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection. Which of the following actions by the newly licensed colleague requires intervention?
- A. Selecting a 25-gauge needle
- B. Administering the injection at a 45° angle
- C. Using the ventrogluteal site for the injection
- D. Aspirating for blood return before injecting the medication
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Administering an intramuscular injection at a 90° angle is essential for proper medication delivery into the muscle tissue. Injecting at a 45° angle is incorrect for intramuscular injections and is typically used for subcutaneous injections where the needle is inserted into the fatty tissue layer beneath the skin. Choice A is correct as selecting a 25-gauge needle is appropriate for an intramuscular injection. Choice C is also correct as the ventrogluteal site is a suitable site for intramuscular injections. Choice D is correct as aspirating for blood return is a necessary step to ensure the needle is not in a blood vessel before injecting the medication.
5. A client with gout is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of purine-rich foods.
- B. I should decrease my intake of purine-rich foods.
- C. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
- D. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Decreasing the intake of purine-rich foods is essential in managing gout as purines break down into uric acid, contributing to gout symptoms. Increasing purine-rich foods would exacerbate the condition by increasing uric acid levels. Therefore, choice A is incorrect. Choices C and D are also incorrect as increasing sodium-rich foods (choice C) is not recommended for gout management, and decreasing potassium-rich foods (choice D) is unrelated to gout.
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