LPN LPN
LPN Fundamentals Practice Questions
1. A client with hyperlipidemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should increase my intake of foods high in saturated fats.
- B. I should decrease my intake of foods high in cholesterol.
- C. I should increase my intake of foods high in trans fats.
- D. I should decrease my intake of foods high in fiber.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. In hyperlipidemia management, decreasing the intake of foods high in cholesterol is crucial to improve lipid levels and reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Choices A and C are incorrect as increasing intake of saturated fats or trans fats can raise cholesterol levels, worsening the condition. Choice D is incorrect because decreasing intake of foods high in fiber is not recommended as fiber-rich foods are beneficial for heart health, which is important in managing hyperlipidemia.
2. A client reports difficulty sleeping at night, which interferes with daily functioning. Which intervention should the nurse suggest to this client?
- A. Avoid beverages containing caffeine
- B. Take a sleep medication regularly at bedtime
- C. Watch television for 30 minutes in bed to relax before falling asleep
- D. Advise the client to take several naps during the day
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Avoid beverages containing caffeine. Caffeine is a stimulant that can interfere with sleep, making it difficult for the client to fall asleep at night. Taking sleep medication regularly (choice B) may not address the root cause of the sleep difficulty and can lead to dependency. Watching television in bed (choice C) can actually stimulate the brain and hinder relaxation before sleep. Advising the client to take several naps during the day (choice D) can disrupt the sleep-wake cycle further. Therefore, recommending the avoidance of caffeine-containing beverages is the most appropriate intervention to help the client improve their ability to sleep at night and function better during the day.
3. A client with lactose intolerance is being taught about dietary management by a nurse. Which statement by the client shows an understanding of the teaching?
- A. I should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- B. I should increase my intake of dairy products.
- C. I should avoid foods that contain gluten.
- D. I should increase my intake of high-fiber foods.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'I should avoid foods that contain lactose.' Lactose intolerance results from the inability to digest lactose, a sugar found in dairy products. Avoiding foods that contain lactose is essential in managing symptoms like bloating, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. Choice B is incorrect because increasing dairy intake would worsen symptoms. Choice C is incorrect because gluten is unrelated to lactose intolerance. Choice D is incorrect because high-fiber foods are beneficial for other conditions but do not specifically address lactose intolerance.
4. In an emergency department, a provider is assessing a client with an acute head injury following a motor-vehicle crash. Which of the following findings should be prioritized?
- A. A Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13
- B. Clear fluid leaking from the nose
- C. Nausea and vomiting
- D. Anisocoria
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The priority finding is the clear fluid leaking from the nose, which could indicate a cerebrospinal fluid leak and potential brain injury. This requires immediate attention to assess for possible cerebrospinal fluid leak, which is a serious complication of head trauma and needs prompt intervention to prevent further complications. While a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 13 may indicate a mild alteration in consciousness, it is not as urgent as assessing for a cerebrospinal fluid leak. Nausea and vomiting are common symptoms after head injuries but do not take precedence over assessing for a potential cerebrospinal fluid leak. Anisocoria (unequal pupils) is also important to note but is not as urgent as identifying a possible cerebrospinal fluid leak in this scenario.
5. A client has a new prescription for furosemide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include during discharge teaching?
- A. Avoid foods high in potassium.
- B. Monitor weight daily.
- C. Take the medication with food.
- D. Increase salt intake.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring weight daily is crucial when taking furosemide to detect fluid retention or loss. Furosemide is a diuretic that helps the body get rid of excess water and salt through urine. Changes in weight can indicate fluid shifts, which could be a sign of inadequate response to the medication or worsening condition. Therefore, monitoring weight daily is essential to assess the effectiveness of furosemide therapy and detect any potential issues early on. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Avoiding foods high in potassium is more relevant for clients taking potassium-sparing diuretics, not furosemide. Taking furosemide with food is not necessary, as it can be taken with or without food. Increasing salt intake is contradictory to the purpose of furosemide, which aims to eliminate excess salt from the body.
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