LPN LPN
LPN Nursing Fundamentals
1. When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of hypertension about medication adherence, which statement should the nurse include?
- A. You can stop taking your medication once your blood pressure is normal.
- B. You should take your medication at the same time every day.
- C. You can double your dose if you miss a dose.
- D. You should take your medication with a high-fat meal.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'You should take your medication at the same time every day.' Taking medication consistently at the same time daily is crucial for maintaining steady blood levels and effectively managing hypertension. It helps ensure that the medication works optimally and provides the best control of blood pressure throughout the day. Choice A is incorrect because stopping medication once blood pressure is normal can lead to a relapse or worsening of hypertension. Choice C is incorrect as doubling the dose without healthcare provider guidance can be dangerous. Choice D is incorrect as taking medication with a high-fat meal can affect its absorption and efficacy.
2. A client has a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism, and a nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of iodine-rich foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of iodine-rich foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: In hypothyroidism, increasing intake of iodine-rich foods is beneficial as iodine is essential for the production of thyroid hormones. This helps to support thyroid function in individuals with hypothyroidism. Therefore, advising the client to increase their intake of iodine-rich foods aligns with the recommended dietary management for hypothyroidism. Choice B is incorrect because decreasing iodine-rich foods could lead to further deficiency in individuals with hypothyroidism. Choice C is not directly related to hypothyroidism and lactose intolerance is a separate issue. Choice D is incorrect as increasing dairy products is not a specific recommendation for hypothyroidism unless the client has a deficiency of calcium or vitamin D, which should be assessed separately.
3. A client with a new diagnosis of pancreatitis is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. You should increase your intake of high-fat foods.
- B. You should decrease your intake of high-fat foods.
- C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct statement the nurse should include in teaching a client with pancreatitis is to decrease the intake of high-fat foods. This dietary modification is crucial in managing symptoms and preventing exacerbations of pancreatitis. High-fat foods can put a strain on the pancreas, potentially leading to further complications. Choice A is incorrect because increasing intake of high-fat foods can worsen pancreatitis. Choice C is unrelated to pancreatitis management, as lactose intolerance is not directly linked to pancreatitis. Choice D is also incorrect, as increasing dairy product intake may not be suitable for all individuals with pancreatitis due to the fat content in many dairy products.
4. When teaching a client with a new diagnosis of hepatitis about dietary management, which of the following statements should the nurse include?
- A. Increase your intake of high-protein foods.
- B. Decrease your intake of high-protein foods.
- C. Avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. Increase your intake of dairy products.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: For a client with hepatitis, it is important to decrease the intake of high-protein foods. High-protein foods can be harder for the liver to process and may exacerbate symptoms or contribute to liver damage. Recommending a diet with moderate protein intake is beneficial for managing symptoms and promoting liver health. Choice A is incorrect as increasing high-protein foods can strain the liver. Choice C is not directly related to hepatitis unless there is an intolerance present. Choice D is also incorrect because increasing dairy products may not be suitable for all individuals with hepatitis, especially if there are underlying liver conditions that could be aggravated by certain dairy components.
5. A client with a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?
- A. Increase your intake of protein-rich foods.
- B. Decrease your intake of phosphorus-rich foods.
- C. Avoid foods that contain lactose.
- D. Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In chronic kidney disease, decreasing the intake of phosphorus-rich foods is essential as impaired kidney function can lead to difficulty in excreting phosphorus, causing an imbalance. This can result in bone and heart complications. Therefore, educating the client to reduce phosphorus intake is crucial for managing the disease and preventing further complications. Option A is incorrect because excessive protein intake can burden the kidneys. Option C is not directly related to the management of chronic kidney disease. Option D is also incorrect as potassium intake may need to be limited in certain stages of kidney disease.
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