LPN LPN
Nutrition ATI Proctored Exam
1. What is the major diet-derived antioxidant found in cell membranes?
- A. B12
- B. beta-carotene
- C. vitamin E
- D. vitamin A
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is vitamin E. Vitamin E is the major antioxidant found in cell membranes, where it plays a crucial role in protecting them from oxidative damage. Although B12, beta-carotene, and vitamin A are important nutrients with specific functions in the body, they are not the primary antioxidants found in cell membranes. Vitamin E specifically localizes in cell membranes to neutralize free radicals and prevent lipid peroxidation, making it an essential antioxidant for cellular health.
2. What should be recommended to help prevent early childhood caries (ECC) in infants?
- A. Avoid giving the infant nighttime bottles
- B. Have the infant drink pasteurized skim milk
- C. Feed the infant iron-rich foods
- D. Give the infant fruit juice to drink
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'A: Avoid giving the infant nighttime bottles' because prolonged exposure to sugars in milk during the night can lead to caries. Options 'B: Have the infant drink pasteurized skim milk' and 'D: Give the infant fruit juice to drink' are not recommended as they contain sugars that can cause cavities, especially in infants. Option 'C: Feed the infant iron-rich foods' is incorrect because while a balanced diet is important, iron-rich foods do not directly prevent caries development.
3. What is the digestive action of lipase?
- A. It breaks down carbohydrates
- B. It breaks down proteins
- C. It breaks down lipids
- D. It aids in fat digestion
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Lipase is an enzyme that specifically breaks down lipids (fats) during the process of digestion, converting them into fatty acids and glycerol. This is why option C is the correct answer. Although option D is partially correct, it's less specific than option C. Lipase does not break down carbohydrates or proteins, so options A and B are incorrect.
4. A chemical feature that distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid is the:
- A. arrangement of carbon atoms.
- B. number of oxygen molecules.
- C. number of double bonds.
- D. food source.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds. Therefore, the number of double bonds is the chemical feature that distinguishes a saturated fatty acid from an unsaturated fatty acid. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the distinguishing factor between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids lies in the presence or absence of double bonds, not in the arrangement of carbon atoms, number of oxygen molecules, or food source.
5. What would you do to increase the amount of iron absorbed from a meal?
- A. Drink plenty of coffee before each meal
- B. Avoid eating foods rich in vitamin C with the meal
- C. Eat a calcium-rich food with the meal
- D. Consume orange juice as a beverage with a meal
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Consume orange juice as a beverage with a meal'. This is because Vitamin C significantly enhances the absorption of non-heme iron, a form of iron found in plant-based foods. Therefore, consuming orange juice, which is rich in vitamin C, with a meal can effectively increase iron absorption. On the contrary, choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Coffee (Choice A) contains polyphenols that can inhibit iron absorption. Avoiding vitamin C-rich foods (Choice B) would decrease iron absorption, not increase it. While calcium (Choice C) is essential for many bodily processes, it can actually inhibit iron absorption when consumed together.
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