Nursing Elites

1. What types of muscular movement occur in the intestine?

• A. Longitudinal and circular.
• B. Expulsion and traction.
• C. Tonus and clonus.
• D. Intermittent and continuous.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Longitudinal and circular. Longitudinal and circular muscles are responsible for the movements that help propel food through the intestine. Choice B, expulsion and traction, is incorrect as these terms do not specifically relate to the types of muscular movement in the intestine. Choice C, tonus and clonus, refers to different types of muscle contractions and are not the primary movements in the intestine. Choice D, intermittent and continuous, does not accurately describe the specific types of muscular movement that occur in the intestine.

2. Carbohydrates are composed of a combination of carbon, hydrogen, and which other element?

• A. oxygen.
• B. nitrogen.
• C. water.
• D. glucose.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. These three elements combine to form the basic structure of carbohydrates. Oxygen is an essential element in carbohydrates, contributing to their chemical composition. Choice B (nitrogen) is incorrect as nitrogen is not a typical component of carbohydrates. Choice C (water) is incorrect as water is not an element but a compound composed of hydrogen and oxygen. Choice D (glucose) is incorrect as glucose is a specific type of sugar, not an element found in the composition of carbohydrates.

3. Individual nutrients are characterized by their ability to:

• A. work independently.
• B. fulfill specific metabolic roles.
• C. influence weight loss.
• D. improve mental status.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'fulfill specific metabolic roles.' Nutrients play essential roles in specific metabolic processes in the body such as energy production, tissue repair, and growth. Choice A, 'work independently,' is incorrect as nutrients often work synergistically rather than alone. Choice C, 'influence weight loss,' is incorrect as while some nutrients may support weight loss indirectly through metabolic processes, it is not their primary characteristic. Choice D, 'improve mental status,' is also incorrect as while some nutrients are important for brain health, their primary role is not specifically to improve mental status.

4. What are oligosaccharides composed of?

• A. 3 to 10 monosaccharide units.
• B. large portions of partially digested starch.
• C. nonnutritive sweeteners.
• D. used for weight management.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates composed of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units, making choice A the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect as oligosaccharides do not contain partially digested starch. Choice C is incorrect as nonnutritive sweeteners are a different category of compounds. Choice D is incorrect as oligosaccharides are not primarily used for weight management.

5. Dietary guidelines are most useful for:

• A. limiting portion sizes.
• B. designing a personal food plan.
• C. making smart food choices.
• D. avoiding excessive nutrient intakes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dietary guidelines are designed to assist individuals in making smart food choices by providing recommendations on what to eat to maintain good health. While portion sizes may be a part of these guidelines, they are not the primary focus. Designing a personal food plan involves individual preferences and needs, which may go beyond general guidelines. Avoiding excessive nutrient intakes is important, but dietary guidelines aim to provide balanced recommendations rather than just focusing on avoiding excess.

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