Nursing Elites

1. Which hormone prevents excessive gastric activity?

• A. Gastrin
• B. Enterogastrone
• C. Secretin
• D. Cholecystokinin

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Enterogastrone. Enterogastrone is a hormone that inhibits excessive gastric activity by slowing down stomach contractions and emptying. Gastrin (choice A) stimulates gastric acid secretion, secretin (choice C) regulates pH levels in the duodenum, and cholecystokinin (choice D) stimulates the release of digestive enzymes and bile.

2. What is the most prevalent dietary disaccharide?

• A. Lactose
• B. Fructose
• C. Sucrose
• D. Galactose

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sucrose is the correct answer as it is the most common disaccharide found in the diet, commonly known as table sugar. Lactose is a disaccharide found in dairy products, not as prevalent in the overall diet as sucrose. Fructose is a monosaccharide commonly found in fruits and honey, not a disaccharide. Galactose is a monosaccharide commonly found in dairy products and is not the most prevalent dietary disaccharide.

3. The interrelated network of nerves within the gastrointestinal wall that regulates its muscular action is known as the:

• A. gastric nerve plexus.
• B. biliary nerve plexus.
• C. intramural nerve plexus.
• D. intestinal nerve plexus.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C - intramural nerve plexus. This network of nerves regulates the muscular movements within the gastrointestinal wall. The gastric nerve plexus (choice A) specifically relates to the stomach, not the entire gastrointestinal tract. The biliary nerve plexus (choice B) is associated with the bile ducts and gallbladder, not the regulation of muscular action. The intestinal nerve plexus (choice D) is a general term that doesn't specifically refer to the network of nerves within the gastrointestinal wall.

4. Mucus is produced by the salivary glands and the:

• A. intestinal glands.
• B. esophageal glands.
• C. pineal gland.
• D. islets of Langerhans.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mucus is produced by the salivary glands to moisten food and aid in swallowing. Additionally, the intestinal glands secrete mucus to protect the lining of the intestines. The other choices, esophageal glands, pineal gland, and islets of Langerhans, are not involved in the production of mucus in the digestive system.

5. The mineral that helps control enzyme actions in cell mitochondria that produce and store high-energy compounds is:

• A. iron.
• B. cobalt.
• C. hemoglobin.
• D. vitamin B12.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is iron. Iron is essential for enzyme function and energy production within the mitochondria. While cobalt is important for certain enzymes, it is not the primary mineral involved in this specific function. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen, not a mineral involved in enzyme actions. Vitamin B12 is crucial for nerve function and DNA synthesis but is not directly related to controlling enzyme actions in mitochondria.

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