Nursing Elites

1. What is the mechanism that is essential for the absorption of monosaccharides?

• A. Phosphorylation
• B. Active transport
• C. Passive diffusion
• D. Facilitated diffusion

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Active transport is the mechanism essential for the absorption of monosaccharides in the intestine. This process requires energy to move molecules against their concentration gradient, allowing for the absorption of monosaccharides efficiently. Phosphorylation, the process of adding a phosphate group to a molecule, is not directly involved in the absorption of monosaccharides. Passive diffusion, a process that does not require energy, is not the primary mechanism for absorbing monosaccharides due to their large size. Facilitated diffusion, a type of passive transport that involves carrier proteins, is not the primary mechanism for monosaccharide absorption, as monosaccharides require active transport for efficient absorption.

2. A characteristic of saturated fats is that they are:

• A. mostly found in animal products.
• B. solid at room temperature.
• C. composed of many double bonds.
• D. found primarily in vegetable products.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'mostly found in animal products.' Saturated fats are primarily found in animal products such as meat, dairy, and eggs. They are typically solid at room temperature. Choice B is incorrect because saturated fats are solid at room temperature, not liquid. Choice C is incorrect because saturated fats do not have double bonds; they have single bonds between carbon atoms. Choice D is incorrect because saturated fats are mainly found in animal products, not vegetable products.

3. The process of photosynthesis is responsible for the synthesis of:

• A. carbohydrates.
• B. proteins.
• C. fats.
• D. vitamins.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: carbohydrates. Photosynthesis is the process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria convert light energy, usually from the sun, into chemical energy stored in glucose (a type of carbohydrate). This glucose is used by the organisms for energy production and as a building block for other organic compounds. Choice B, proteins, is incorrect because proteins are synthesized through a different process involving amino acids. Choice C, fats, are not directly synthesized through photosynthesis; they are typically formed from excess carbohydrates. Choice D, vitamins, are organic compounds that are required in small amounts for various physiological functions but are not directly synthesized through photosynthesis.

4. What can excessive intakes of dietary protein do?

• A. cause vitamin deficiencies.
• B. impair kidney function.
• C. increase weight loss.
• D. decrease production of indispensable amino acids.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Excessive intake of dietary protein can lead to impaired kidney function over time. Excessive protein consumption can put a strain on the kidneys as they work to eliminate the byproducts of protein metabolism. This can potentially lead to kidney damage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Excessive protein intake is not directly linked to causing vitamin deficiencies, increasing weight loss, or decreasing the production of indispensable amino acids.

5. A food choice equivalent to one serving from the Grains group of MyPlate is:

• A. one slice of bread
• B. 2 cups of rice
• C. 3 cups of spaghetti
• D. 4 oz of ready-to-eat cereal

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One slice of bread is a standard serving from the Grains group in MyPlate. This choice aligns with the recommended portion size for grains. Choices B, C, and D are excessive portions that do not represent a single serving according to MyPlate guidelines. 2 cups of rice, 3 cups of spaghetti, and 4 oz of ready-to-eat cereal exceed the standard serving size for grains and would provide more than one serving from this food group.

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