Nursing Elites

1. Which option below is an example of a meal or snack that contains complementary proteins?

• A. an egg and cheese omelet
• B. a peanut butter sandwich
• C. trail mix with nuts and raisins
• D. mixed bean salad with green beans, kidney beans, and white beans

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, a peanut butter sandwich. A peanut butter sandwich combines grains from the bread and proteins from the nuts in the peanut butter, providing complementary proteins. This combination offers all essential amino acids. Choices A, C, and D do not contain complementary proteins as they lack the combination of different protein sources necessary to provide a complete amino acid profile.

2. The body of scientific knowledge related to nutritional requirements for human growth, maintenance, activity, and reproduction is known as:

• A. physiology.
• B. nutrition science.
• C. biochemistry.
• D. dietetics.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: nutrition science. Nutrition science specifically focuses on studying the requirements and functions of nutrients in relation to human growth, maintenance, activity, and reproduction. Choice A, physiology, deals more with the functions of living organisms and their parts, not specifically related to nutrients. Choice C, biochemistry, focuses on the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, not specifically centered on nutritional requirements. Choice D, dietetics, involves the application of nutritional knowledge in planning and managing diets for individuals, but it is more focused on the practical aspect rather than the broader scientific study of nutritional requirements.

3. A food choice equivalent to one serving from the Grains group of MyPlate is:

• A. one slice of bread
• B. 2 cups of rice
• C. 3 cups of spaghetti
• D. 4 oz of ready-to-eat cereal

Correct answer: A

Rationale: One slice of bread is a standard serving from the Grains group in MyPlate. This choice aligns with the recommended portion size for grains. Choices B, C, and D are excessive portions that do not represent a single serving according to MyPlate guidelines. 2 cups of rice, 3 cups of spaghetti, and 4 oz of ready-to-eat cereal exceed the standard serving size for grains and would provide more than one serving from this food group.

4. Which compound is necessary for emulsification of fat in the body?

• A. Bile salts
• B. Cholecystokinin
• C. Chyme
• D. Trypsin

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Bile salts are essential for emulsifying fats in the body. They break down fats into smaller droplets, increasing the surface area for enzymes to work on during digestion. Cholecystokinin is a hormone that stimulates the release of bile and pancreatic enzymes, but it is not directly involved in emulsification. Chyme is the semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine and does not play a role in emulsifying fats. Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that acts on proteins, not fats.

5. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the:

• A. duodenum.
• B. stomach.
• C. pancreas.
• D. liver.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cholecystokinin (CCK) is produced in the duodenum, not the stomach, pancreas, or liver. It is released in response to the presence of food in the duodenum, where it plays a crucial role in regulating digestive processes by stimulating the release of bile from the gallbladder and enzymes from the pancreas. Therefore, the correct answer is the duodenum (Choice A). Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because CCK is not produced in the stomach, pancreas, or liver.

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