Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is a benefit of exclusive breastfeeding?

• A. Reduces the risk of postpartum depression
• B. Increases the baby's risk of developing allergies
• C. Provides complete nutrition for the first 6 months
• D. Delays the return of menstrual periods

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Exclusive breastfeeding provides complete nutrition for the first 6 months of an infant's life. It is recommended by health experts as the ideal way to provide infants with the nutrients they need for healthy growth and development. Breast milk contains all the necessary nutrients in the right proportions, making it the perfect food for babies during the first half-year of life.

2. As the public health nurse in a municipality with a total population of about 20,000 and 3 health midwives among the RHU personnel, how many more midwife positions will the RHU need?

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Since each rural health midwife is typically assigned a population of about 5,000, with the municipality's total population being 20,000, the existing 3 midwives can cover the current population adequately. Therefore, the RHU would not need any more midwife positions, making option A, '1', the correct answer.

3. In calculating the crude death rate of your municipality, with a total population of about 18,000 last year, there were 94 deaths. Among the deceased, 20 died due to heart diseases, and 32 were aged 50 years or older. What is the crude death rate?

• A. 4.1/1000
• B. 5.2/1000
• C. 6.3/1000
• D. 7.3/1000

Correct answer: B

Rationale: To calculate the crude death rate, divide the total number of deaths (94) by the total population (18,000) and then multiply by 1,000. This gives a crude death rate of 5.2 deaths per 1,000 population.

4. Which of the following vaccines is recommended to be given at birth?

• A. BCG
• B. Hepatitis B
• C. OPV
• D. Measles

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The BCG vaccine is recommended to be given at birth to protect against tuberculosis. It is often administered soon after birth to provide early protection against the disease, especially in areas where tuberculosis is prevalent.

5. Sputum examination is the major screening tool for pulmonary tuberculosis. Clients may sometimes receive false negative results in this exam. This means that the test is not perfect in terms of which characteristic of a diagnostic examination?

• A. Effectiveness
• B. Efficacy
• C. Specificity
• D. Sensitivity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Sensitivity is the ability of a diagnostic test to correctly identify individuals with the disease. A test with high sensitivity will rarely give false negative results, as it will detect almost all positive cases. In the context of the given scenario, false negative results indicate that the test is lacking in sensitivity to pick up all cases of pulmonary tuberculosis, leading to some cases being missed.

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