Nursing Elites

1. A client has a new prescription for a low-sodium diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend?

• A. Pickles
• B. Canned soup
• C. Fresh fruits
• D. Smoked salmon

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Fresh fruits are naturally low in sodium, making them a suitable choice for a low-sodium diet. They provide essential nutrients and are a healthy option for individuals who need to limit their sodium intake. Pickles (Choice A) and canned soup (Choice B) are typically high in sodium and should be avoided in a low-sodium diet. Smoked salmon (Choice D) is also usually high in sodium due to the smoking process, so it is not a recommended choice for a low-sodium diet.

2. A client with hyperkalemia is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
• B. I should decrease my intake of potassium-rich foods.
• C. I should increase my intake of sodium-rich foods.
• D. I should decrease my intake of sodium-rich foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Correct! Hyperkalemia is a condition characterized by high levels of potassium in the blood. To manage hyperkalemia, it is essential to decrease the intake of potassium-rich foods since excess potassium can worsen the condition. By understanding the need to decrease potassium-rich foods, the client shows comprehension of the dietary management required for hyperkalemia. Choice A is incorrect because increasing potassium-rich foods would exacerbate hyperkalemia. Choice C is incorrect since increasing sodium-rich foods is unrelated to managing hyperkalemia and could potentially lead to other health issues. Choice D is incorrect as decreasing sodium-rich foods is not the primary focus when managing hyperkalemia.

3. A healthcare professional is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following instructions should the healthcare professional include?

• A. Avoid drinking grapefruit juice.
• B. Take aspirin for pain relief.
• C. Consume a consistent amount of green leafy vegetables.
• D. Use an electric razor when shaving.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Consuming a consistent amount of green leafy vegetables is important for clients taking warfarin as these foods contain vitamin K, which can affect the medication's effectiveness. Maintaining a consistent intake helps stabilize the International Normalized Ratio (INR) levels, which is crucial for monitoring the blood's ability to clot properly while on warfarin therapy. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Avoiding grapefruit juice is generally recommended with certain medications due to its interaction with liver enzymes, which is not directly related to warfarin. Taking aspirin along with warfarin can increase the risk of bleeding. Using an electric razor when shaving is a safety precaution for those at risk of bleeding, but it is not directly related to the medication warfarin.

4. A client with chronic kidney disease is being educated by a nurse about dietary management. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should limit my intake of protein to prevent overworking my kidneys.
• B. I should increase my intake of potassium-rich foods.
• C. I should increase my intake of phosphorus-rich foods.
• D. I should increase my intake of calcium-rich foods.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. In chronic kidney disease, limiting protein intake is crucial to prevent overworking the kidneys. Excessive protein consumption can lead to the accumulation of metabolic waste products that the kidneys struggle to process, worsening kidney function. Therefore, by recognizing the need to restrict protein intake, the client demonstrates an understanding of the dietary management required for their condition. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing intake of potassium-rich foods (Choice B) is not recommended in chronic kidney disease as it can lead to hyperkalemia. Similarly, increasing intake of phosphorus-rich foods (Choice C) is not advised because impaired kidneys struggle to excrete phosphorus, leading to elevated levels in the blood. Lastly, increasing intake of calcium-rich foods (Choice D) may not be necessary unless there is a specific deficiency or requirement, as calcium balance is often disrupted in chronic kidney disease.

5. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an intramuscular injection to a client. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?

• A. Use a 1-inch needle.
• B. Stretch the skin at the injection site.
• C. Insert the needle at a 90-degree angle.
• D. Aspirate for blood return before injecting.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Aspirating for blood return before injecting is a crucial step in administering intramuscular injections. This action ensures that the needle is not in a blood vessel, reducing the risk of injecting medication into a blood vessel, which can lead to potential complications. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Using a longer 1-inch needle is often necessary for intramuscular injections to reach the muscle tissue properly. Stretching the skin is not recommended as it can cause unnecessary pain and tissue damage. Inserting the needle at a 90-degree angle is the preferred method for intramuscular injections to ensure proper medication delivery.

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