Nursing Elites

1. A client with a new diagnosis of hypertension is receiving teaching from a healthcare provider. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I will decrease my intake of potassium.
• B. I will increase my intake of vitamin K.
• C. I will decrease my intake of sodium.
• D. I will increase my intake of magnesium.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'I will decrease my intake of sodium.' Lowering sodium intake is essential in managing hypertension as it helps reduce blood pressure levels. Excess sodium can lead to fluid retention and increased blood volume, putting more strain on the heart and blood vessels. Therefore, this response indicates an understanding of the teaching provided. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because decreasing potassium intake, increasing vitamin K intake, and increasing magnesium intake are not primary dietary modifications recommended for hypertension. While potassium and magnesium can be beneficial for overall health, reducing sodium intake is the key dietary change to manage hypertension effectively.

2. A client has a new diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome, and the nurse is providing dietary management education. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. You should increase your intake of high-sodium foods.
• B. You should decrease your intake of high-sodium foods.
• C. You should avoid foods that contain lactose.
• D. You should increase your intake of dairy products.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: For a client with nephrotic syndrome, decreasing the intake of high-sodium foods is essential to manage fluid retention and symptoms of the condition. Excessive sodium can lead to fluid retention, swelling, and worsen the condition. Therefore, advising the client to decrease their high-sodium food intake aligns with the dietary management approach to help control nephrotic syndrome. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increasing high-sodium foods would exacerbate fluid retention, avoiding lactose is not specifically required for nephrotic syndrome, and increasing dairy products may not be necessary unless individualized based on the client's needs and lab values.

3. What is a true statement about caring for a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube?

• A. The NG tube should be flushed with 30 mL of water every 4 hours.
• B. The client should be positioned in a supine position.
• C. The NG tube should be advanced 5 cm if resistance is met.
• D. The client's nasal mucosa should be inspected daily.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Flushing the NG tube with 30 mL of water every 4 hours is crucial to maintain its patency and prevent blockages. This routine ensures the tube stays clear and functional, enabling proper delivery of medications and nutrition to the client. Regular flushing also helps prevent residue buildup or clogs within the tube, reducing risks like aspiration or inaccurate medication dosing.

4. When planning care for a client with a pressure ulcer, which intervention should the nurse include in the plan?

• A. Massage the reddened area.
• B. Apply a donut-shaped cushion.
• C. Reposition the client every 3 hours.
• D. Use a transparent film dressing.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct intervention for a client with a pressure ulcer is to use a transparent film dressing. This dressing provides a protective barrier against external contaminants while allowing for wound inspection, promoting healing. Massaging the reddened area can cause further damage to the skin and should be avoided. Donut-shaped cushions can increase pressure on the ulcer site rather than alleviate it. Repositioning the client every 2 hours is a preventive measure for pressure ulcers, but once an ulcer has developed, using a transparent film dressing is a more appropriate intervention to facilitate healing and protect the wound site.

5. During tracheostomy care, what action should a healthcare professional take?

• A. Use clean technique to remove the inner cannula.
• B. Remove the outer cannula for cleaning.
• C. Soak the inner cannula in normal saline.
• D. Change tracheostomy ties if they are wet.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Changing tracheostomy ties if they are wet is essential to prevent infection and maintain skin integrity. Wet ties can harbor bacteria, increasing the risk of skin breakdown and other complications. Regularly changing wet ties promotes cleanliness, reduces the likelihood of complications, and ensures optimal care for the client with a tracheostomy.

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