Nursing Elites

1. A client with a new diagnosis of hypothyroidism is being taught about medication management. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?

• A. You should take your medication with a high-fiber meal.
• B. You should take your medication on an empty stomach.
• C. You should take your medication with a calcium supplement.
• D. You should take your medication before bedtime.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'You should take your medication on an empty stomach.' When educating a client with hypothyroidism, it is essential to advise taking thyroid medication on an empty stomach to enhance absorption and effectiveness. Taking the medication with food, especially high-fiber or with supplements like calcium, can interfere with absorption and reduce its efficacy. Therefore, it is crucial for the client to follow the recommendation of taking the medication on an empty stomach. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because taking the medication with a high-fiber meal (Choice A) or with a calcium supplement (Choice C) can hinder absorption, and taking it before bedtime (Choice D) does not optimize absorption compared to taking it on an empty stomach.

2. A client has tuberculosis, and the nurse is planning care. Which of the following isolation precautions should the nurse implement?

• A. Protective environment
• B. Contact
• C. Airborne
• D. Droplet

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Airborne. Tuberculosis is transmitted through the air, making it an airborne disease. Airborne precautions are crucial to prevent the spread of tuberculosis to others. These precautions include placing the client in a negative pressure room, wearing an N95 respirator mask, and ensuring proper ventilation to minimize the risk of transmission to healthcare workers and other clients. Choice A, Protective environment, is used for clients with compromised immune systems. Choice B, Contact precautions, are used for diseases spread by direct or indirect contact. Choice D, Droplet precautions, are for diseases transmitted through respiratory droplets, like influenza or pertussis.

3. A client with a new diagnosis of chronic kidney disease is being taught about dietary management. Which of the following statements should be included in the teaching?

• A. Increase your intake of protein-rich foods.
• B. Decrease your intake of phosphorus-rich foods.
• C. Avoid foods that contain lactose.
• D. Increase your intake of potassium-rich foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In chronic kidney disease, decreasing the intake of phosphorus-rich foods is essential as impaired kidney function can lead to difficulty in excreting phosphorus, causing an imbalance. This can result in bone and heart complications. Therefore, educating the client to reduce phosphorus intake is crucial for managing the disease and preventing further complications. Option A is incorrect because excessive protein intake can burden the kidneys. Option C is not directly related to the management of chronic kidney disease. Option D is also incorrect as potassium intake may need to be limited in certain stages of kidney disease.

4. A client is being assessed for dehydration. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

• A. Elevated blood pressure
• B. Increased skin turgor
• C. Dark-colored urine
• D. Bradypnea

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dark-colored urine is a common sign of dehydration as the urine becomes concentrated. Dehydration leads to reduced fluid intake or excessive fluid loss, causing the urine to be darker in color due to increased urine concentration. Elevated blood pressure (Choice A) is not typically associated with dehydration; instead, dehydration often leads to low blood pressure. Increased skin turgor (Choice B) is actually a sign of good hydration, not dehydration. Bradypnea (Choice D), which refers to abnormally slow breathing, is not a common finding in dehydration.

5. A client with ulcerative colitis is receiving dietary management education from a healthcare provider. Which statement by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

• A. I should increase my intake of dairy products.
• B. I should decrease my intake of dairy products.
• C. I should increase my intake of high-fiber foods.
• D. I should decrease my intake of high-fat foods.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because reducing dairy product intake can help manage symptoms of ulcerative colitis. Dairy products can exacerbate symptoms in some individuals due to their lactose content and may need to be limited or avoided based on individual tolerance levels. Choice A is incorrect because increasing dairy products can worsen symptoms for some ulcerative colitis patients. Choice C is incorrect as while high-fiber foods are generally beneficial, they may exacerbate symptoms during a flare-up. Choice D is also incorrect as while reducing high-fat foods can be beneficial, dairy products are a more specific concern for ulcerative colitis.

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