Nursing Elites

1. Which intervention demonstrates Florence Nightingale's theory of nursing?

• A. Respecting the patient's culture and incorporating cultural needs
• B. Promoting good health and treating those who are ill in a holistic manner
• C. Understanding how to motivate people to practice a healthy lifestyle and reduce risks
• D. Teaching other nurses how to deliver the highest quality of care

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Florence Nightingale's theory of nursing emphasized promoting good health and treating those who are ill in a holistic manner. She believed in providing comprehensive care that addresses not only the physical but also the emotional and social needs of patients. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly align with Nightingale's focus on holistic care and promoting good health.

2. What is the difference between mediation and binding arbitration based on the statement provided?

• A. Mediation is sanctioned by the National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) to formally discuss concerns with management and labor
• B. Mediation uses a trained person to facilitate negotiations without making a final decision
• C. Binding arbitration is a formal process where an arbitrator's decision is final and must be adhered to by both parties
• D. Binding arbitration requires both labor and management to engage in discussions to find the least harmful resolution

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The key difference between mediation and binding arbitration lies in the finality of the decision. In binding arbitration, the arbitrator's decision is ultimate, and both parties are obligated to comply with it. This differs from mediation, where a neutral third party facilitates negotiations but does not make a final decision. Choice A is incorrect as mediation is not necessarily sanctioned by the NLRB; it can be conducted independently. Choice B is incorrect because mediation does not involve a final decision-maker but focuses on facilitating discussions. Choice D is incorrect as binding arbitration does not aim to find the least harmful resolution but rather a final and binding decision by the arbitrator.

3. Which action directly resulted from the contribution made by Linda Richards?

• A. Using an antiseptic before administering an injection
• B. Exploring the psychosocial needs of the patient
• C. Documenting patient care in the medical record
• D. Listening to a patient describe his or her symptoms

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Documenting patient care in the medical record. Linda Richards' contribution was developing a system for recording patient details and care, leading to modern medical records. This innovation directly resulted in the practice of documenting patient care in medical records, ensuring accurate and organized patient information for effective healthcare delivery. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they do not directly stem from Richards' specific contribution related to medical records.

4. What may the patient's statement, 'I cannot read until I get my glasses,' indicate?

• A. The patient is embarrassed about needing glasses
• B. The patient has visual impairment
• C. The patient may be illiterate
• D. The patient is being uncooperative

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The patient stating they cannot read until they get their glasses suggests a potential issue with literacy rather than visual impairment or unwillingness to cooperate. This statement should prompt further assessment to determine the patient's reading abilities and potential literacy needs. Choice A is incorrect as the statement does not directly imply embarrassment. Choice B is incorrect as the statement does not necessarily indicate a visual impairment. Choice D is incorrect as there is no clear evidence of the patient being uncooperative based on the provided statement.

5. A healthcare professional is interested in locating reliable information concerning non-invasive blood glucose monitoring. Information is found, and the author is a scientist who conducted studies within the last year on the effectiveness of a non-invasive blood glucose monitor. The scientist received funding from a pharmaceutical company to support the studies. The URL indicates the pharmaceutical company excite.com. The healthcare professional is concerned about what component associated with this information?

• A. Accuracy
• B. Currency
• C. Authority
• D. Objectivity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Objectivity is questioned when there is a potential conflict of interest, such as funding from a pharmaceutical company. In this scenario, the scientist's ties to the pharmaceutical company through funding may introduce bias, affecting the objectivity of the information provided. The author's connection to the pharmaceutical company may influence the objectivity of the research findings, making it essential for the healthcare professional to consider this aspect when evaluating the reliability of the information.

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