Nursing Elites

1. While working in the clinical facility, the student nurse learns that a family member has been admitted to the same facility. What statement is true about the student's access to the family member's medical record?

• A. The student may access the family member's medical record as a nurse in the facility.
• B. The student nurse should not access the family member's record until obtaining instructor approval.
• C. The student may access the family member's medical record because of the family relationship.
• D. The student nurse should not view the record unless they are providing care for the family member.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The student nurse should not view the family member's record unless they are directly involved in providing care to maintain confidentiality. Accessing the record without a legitimate reason breaches patient confidentiality and violates ethical principles. Choice A is incorrect because being a nurse in the facility does not automatically grant access to a family member's record. Choice B is incorrect as it does not address the primary concern of direct involvement in care. Choice C is incorrect as family relationship alone does not justify accessing the medical record.

2. How does the nurse apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs in care?

• A. Judging the patient's behavior
• B. Improving the skillfulness of care
• C. Understanding the patient's behavior
• D. Improving communication skills

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a framework that helps nurses understand the different levels of human needs and prioritize care accordingly. By applying this framework, nurses can better understand the patient's behavior in the context of their unmet needs. This understanding allows nurses to provide holistic and patient-centered care that addresses not just the physical but also the emotional, social, and psychological needs of the patient. Choice A is incorrect because applying Maslow's hierarchy is about understanding, not judging, the patient's behavior. Choice B is incorrect as it does not directly relate to the application of Maslow's hierarchy. Choice D is also incorrect as improving communication skills, although important, is not the primary focus when applying Maslow's hierarchy of needs in care.

3. How can a healthcare provider best address the spiritual aspect of caring for a patient?

• A. Explain the patient's spiritual beliefs to the healthcare provider.
• B. Ask the patient to share their spiritual beliefs.
• C. Ask what the patient requires to meet their spiritual needs.
• D. Consult with a spiritual leader to understand the patient's spiritual needs.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The most effective way for a healthcare provider to address the spiritual aspect of caring for a patient is by asking what the patient requires to meet their spiritual needs. This approach respects the patient's autonomy, acknowledges their individual beliefs, and allows for personalized and patient-centered care. Choice A is incorrect as it focuses on the healthcare provider's understanding rather than the patient's needs. Choice B could be invasive and may not be necessary to provide adequate spiritual care. Choice D involves consulting a spiritual leader, which may not always align with the patient's personal beliefs and preferences.

4. On what are most nursing paradigms based?

• A. The nurse's ability to perform procedures with skill
• B. Dr. Jean Watson's transpersonal caring theory
• C. Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs
• D. Learning by studying nursing theories and clinical experiences

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Most nursing paradigms are founded on the understanding and application of nursing theories through studying them and gaining practical experiences in clinical settings. While the nurse's ability to perform procedures with skill is important, it is not the foundation of nursing paradigms. Dr. Jean Watson's transpersonal caring theory and Maslow's theory of hierarchy of needs are significant in nursing practice but do not serve as the basis for most nursing paradigms. Nursing paradigms are shaped by a combination of studying nursing theories and hands-on clinical experiences, which provide the foundational knowledge and practical skills needed for nursing practice.

5. A patient is admitted with pneumonia. My case manager refers to a plan of care that specifically identifies dates when supplemental oxygen should be discontinued, positive pressure ventilation with bronchodilators should be changed to self-administer inhalers, and antibiotics should be changed from intravenous to oral treatment, based on assessment findings. This plan of care is referred to by what term?

• A. patient classification system
• B. patient-centered plan of care
• C. diagnosis-related group
• D. clinical pathway

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A clinical pathway is a structured, evidence-based plan that outlines the expected course of treatment and interventions for a specific diagnosis or procedure, in this case, pneumonia. It includes guidelines on the timing of interventions and transitions in care based on assessment findings, promoting standardized care and improved outcomes for patients. The other choices are incorrect: A) patient classification system categorizes patients based on similar characteristics; B) patient-centered plan of care focuses on individual patient needs and preferences; C) diagnosis-related group is a classification system used for billing purposes.

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