Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary focus of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act?

• A. Reducing the cost of healthcare
• B. Providing healthcare to undocumented immigrants
• C. Ensuring access to healthcare for all Americans
• D. Eliminating the need for health insurance

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ensuring access to healthcare for all Americans. The primary focus of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is to expand coverage, improve quality of care, and make healthcare more affordable and accessible to a greater number of people in the United States. Choice A is incorrect because while the act aims to make healthcare more affordable, its primary focus is on access. Choice B is incorrect as the act is not specifically designed to provide healthcare to undocumented immigrants. Choice D is incorrect as the act does not aim to eliminate the need for health insurance but rather improve the availability and affordability of insurance coverage.

2. The nurse overhears a physician yelling at a newly hired graduate nurse in the hall. What is the nurse's best caring response?

• A. Yell at the physician for yelling at a new graduate and report the incident to the supervisor.
• B. Wait until the situation ends and comfort the graduate privately.
• C. Suggest that the physician take a quieter and more private approach to the problem.
• D. Ignore the situation to avoid embarrassing the graduate further.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Suggesting a quieter and more private approach to the problem is the best caring response as it addresses the issue respectfully. This response shows empathy towards the graduate nurse and also aims to improve the situation without escalating it further. Choice A is not ideal as responding to yelling with yelling can exacerbate the situation and create more tension. Choice B, while offering comfort, does not directly address the inappropriate behavior of the physician. Choice D is not recommended as ignoring the situation may not help the graduate nurse and can lead to the continuation of inappropriate behavior without intervention.

3. Why is critical thinking necessary for identifying and understanding paradigms that exist in nursing practice?

• A. Critical thinking allows for the nurse to make superficial decisions.
• B. Critical thinking allows the nurse to thoroughly examine situations and issues.
• C. Critical thinking provides the nurse with quick answers.
• D. Critical thinking allows the nurse to accept information without needing to check its validity.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Critical thinking is essential for nurses to identify and understand paradigms in nursing practice because it enables them to thoroughly examine complex situations and issues. By critically analyzing information and considering various perspectives, nurses can gain a deeper understanding of the underlying paradigms that shape nursing practice. This thorough examination helps nurses make informed decisions and provide high-quality care to patients. Choice A is incorrect because critical thinking involves deeper analysis, not superficial decisions. Choice C is incorrect because critical thinking does not provide quick answers; it involves a systematic and thoughtful approach. Choice D is incorrect because critical thinking encourages nurses to question information and verify its validity rather than accepting it blindly.

4. In an underdeveloped country, the nurse observes the natives lighting ritual fires and pounding on primitive drums around the sick person to promote recovery. The nurse interprets this behavior as indicating the natives believe illness results from which items?

• A. Pathogens and genetics
• B. Evil spirits
• C. Tides and planets
• D. Plants and animals

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The behavior of lighting fires and pounding on drums to promote recovery suggests a belief in evil spirits causing illness. In many cultures, rituals like these are performed to ward off evil spirits or negative energies that are thought to be the cause of sickness. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as the described behavior aligns more with spiritual or supernatural beliefs rather than scientific explanations related to pathogens, genetics, tides, planets, plants, or animals.

5. The nurse is providing pre-operative teaching to the anxious patient, who doesn't seem to be learning. What need must the nurse help this patient meet before continuing to teach?

• A. Self-esteem
• B. Love and belonging
• C. Safety
• D. Self-actualization

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Safety. Before effective learning can occur, the patient's safety needs must be addressed. When patients feel safe and secure, they are better able to focus on receiving and processing information. Ensuring the patient's safety is a fundamental step in providing care and support, especially in a pre-operative setting where anxiety and concerns about the procedure may be high. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while self-esteem, love and belonging, and self-actualization are important needs, the immediate priority in this scenario is addressing the patient's safety concerns to create a conducive environment for learning.

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