which patient is exercising their right to autonomy in the context of patient rights

HESI LPN

HESI Leadership and Management Quizlet

1. Which patient is exercising their right to autonomy in the context of patient rights?

A. An 86-year-old female who remains independent in terms of the activities of daily living.
B. An unemancipated 16-year-old who chooses to not have an intravenous line.
C. A 32-year-old who does not need the help of the nurse to bathe and groom themselves.
D. A 99-year-old who wants CPR despite the fact that the nurse and doctor do not think that it would be successful.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. A 99-year-old exercising their right to autonomy in the context of patient rights by choosing CPR. Autonomy in healthcare refers to the patient's right to make their own decisions about their care, even if healthcare providers may disagree. In this scenario, the 99-year-old patient is exercising autonomy by making an informed choice about their medical treatment, despite healthcare professionals having a different opinion. Choices A, B, and C do not directly demonstrate the exercise of autonomy in decision-making regarding medical treatment, making them incorrect.

2. What does the mnemonic PERLA stand for in the assessment of the eyes?

A. Pupils equally reactive to light and accommodation
B. Patient eyes are equally recessed and responsive to light and acuity
C. Patient eyes are equally responsive to light and acuity
D. Pupils equally reactive to light and acuity

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Pupils equally reactive to light and accommodation.' PERLA is a mnemonic used in eye assessments to check for Pupils being equally reactive to Light and Accommodation. Choice B is incorrect as it includes irrelevant information about the eyes being recessed. Choice C is incorrect as it is missing the mention of pupils and accommodation. Choice D is incorrect as it misses the mention of accommodation.

3. A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse recommend for further evaluation and possible intervention?

A. A client who is at 28 weeks gestation and has a negative Coombs titer
B. A client who is 39 weeks of gestation and has a negative contraction stress test
C. A client who is at 35 weeks of gestation and has a biophysical profile of 6
D. A client who is at 37 weeks of gestation and has an L/S ratio of 2:1

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A biophysical profile of 6 at 35 weeks of gestation indicates a need for further evaluation and possible intervention. A negative Coombs titer at 28 weeks gestation (Choice A) is within normal limits. A negative contraction stress test at 39 weeks gestation (Choice B) is expected as the pregnancy nears term. An L/S ratio of 2:1 at 37 weeks of gestation (Choice D) is consistent with fetal lung maturity.

4. A charge nurse on an obstetrical unit is preparing the shift assignment. Which of the following clients should be assigned to an RN who has floated from a medical-surgical unit?

A. A client who is at 32 weeks of gestation and has premature rupture of membranes
B. A multigravida client who has preeclampsia and is receiving misoprostol for induction of labor
C. A primigravida client who is 1 day postoperative following a Cesarean section and has a PCA pump
D. A client who has gestational diabetes and is receiving biweekly nonstress tests

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A nurse who floated from a medical-surgical unit would be appropriate to care for a client who is 1 day postoperative following a Cesarean section and has a PCA pump. This client requires monitoring of the postoperative incision site, pain management through the PCA pump, and assessment for any signs of complications related to the surgery. Assigning this client to an RN with experience in postoperative care aligns with providing specialized and appropriate care. Choices A, B, and D involve conditions or procedures specific to obstetrics that would be better managed by a nurse with obstetrical experience, making them incorrect choices for the floated RN.

5. What is a cavity containing pus surrounded by inflamed tissue?

A. Cellulitis.
B. An abscess.
C. Extravasation.
D. An adhesion.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: An abscess is defined as a cavity containing pus surrounded by inflamed tissue. Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection causing redness and swelling, not a cavity. Extravasation is the leakage of fluid from a vessel into surrounding tissues, not a cavity. An adhesion is a band of scar-like tissue that binds two parts together, not a cavity containing pus and inflamed tissue.