what should be monitored in a child receiving chemotherapy

HESI LPN

LPN Nutrition Practice Test

1. What should be monitored in a child receiving chemotherapy?

A. Blood glucose levels
B. Blood cell counts
C. Weight gain
D. Skin elasticity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is monitoring blood cell counts. During chemotherapy, it is crucial to monitor blood cell counts to detect potential side effects such as neutropenia (low white blood cell count) and anemia (low red blood cell count). These conditions can increase the risk of infections and fatigue. Monitoring blood glucose levels (Choice A) is not typically a primary concern in children receiving chemotherapy unless they have pre-existing conditions like diabetes. Weight gain (Choice C) and skin elasticity (Choice D) are not directly related to monitoring the effects of chemotherapy in children. Therefore, the most important parameter to monitor in a child receiving chemotherapy is blood cell counts.

2. How should hydration status in a child with fever and vomiting be assessed?

A. Monitor skin turgor and mucous membranes
B. Measure blood glucose levels
C. Check for signs of jaundice
D. Assess respiratory rate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To assess hydration status in a child with fever and vomiting, monitoring skin turgor and mucous membranes is essential. Skin turgor refers to the skin's ability to change shape and return to normal; poor skin turgor can indicate dehydration. Mucous membranes, such as the mouth and eyes, can also provide valuable information about hydration levels. Measuring blood glucose levels (Choice B) is not directly related to assessing hydration status. Checking for signs of jaundice (Choice C) is important for liver-related issues, not hydration assessment. Assessing respiratory rate (Choice D) is crucial for evaluating respiratory function, not hydration status.

3. Which nutrient is an example of a macronutrient?

A. proteins
B. minerals
C. water-soluble vitamins
D. fat-soluble vitamins

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Proteins are indeed macronutrients as they are required by the body in larger quantities for various functions such as growth, repair, and energy production. Choice B, minerals, are micronutrients needed in smaller amounts for various physiological processes. Choices C and D, water-soluble vitamins and fat-soluble vitamins, respectively, are also micronutrients that play essential roles in the body but are not classified as macronutrients.

4. How should a child with a newly diagnosed seizure disorder be managed?

A. Avoid all physical activity
B. Monitor for triggers and ensure safety
C. Increase dietary sodium intake
D. Restrict all forms of social interaction

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When managing a child with a newly diagnosed seizure disorder, it is essential to monitor for triggers and ensure safety. By identifying triggers such as lack of sleep, stress, or specific foods, healthcare professionals can help prevent seizures. Ensuring safety involves creating a safe environment to prevent injuries during a seizure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Avoiding all physical activity can be detrimental as appropriate exercise is essential for overall health. Increasing dietary sodium intake is not a standard recommendation for managing seizures. Restricting all forms of social interaction is unnecessary and can have negative effects on the child's emotional well-being.

5. Which lab result should be abnormal in a child with hemophilia?

A. Prothrombin time
B. Bleeding time
C. Platelet count
D. Partial thromboplastin time

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In a child with hemophilia, the lab result that should be abnormal is the partial thromboplastin time (PTT). Hemophilia is a disorder that affects the clotting factors in the intrinsic pathway of coagulation, leading to a prolonged PTT. Prothrombin time (Choice A) assesses the extrinsic pathway and should be normal in hemophilia. Bleeding time (Choice B) evaluates platelet function, which is typically normal in hemophilia. Platelet count (Choice C) measures the number of platelets and is not directly affected by hemophilia.