Nursing Elites

1. What should be monitored in a child receiving chemotherapy?

• A. Blood glucose levels
• B. Blood cell counts
• C. Weight gain
• D. Skin elasticity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is monitoring blood cell counts. During chemotherapy, it is crucial to monitor blood cell counts to detect potential side effects such as neutropenia (low white blood cell count) and anemia (low red blood cell count). These conditions can increase the risk of infections and fatigue. Monitoring blood glucose levels (Choice A) is not typically a primary concern in children receiving chemotherapy unless they have pre-existing conditions like diabetes. Weight gain (Choice C) and skin elasticity (Choice D) are not directly related to monitoring the effects of chemotherapy in children. Therefore, the most important parameter to monitor in a child receiving chemotherapy is blood cell counts.

2. Which nutrient is classified as a micronutrient?

• A. minerals
• B. proteins
• C. alcohols
• D. carbohydrates

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is minerals. Micronutrients are required by the body in smaller amounts compared to macronutrients like proteins and carbohydrates. Proteins are macronutrients necessary for growth and repair, not classified as micronutrients. Alcohols and carbohydrates are not classified as micronutrients either.

3. How should hydration status be assessed in a child with vomiting and diarrhea?

• A. Check skin turgor and mucous membranes
• B. Measure blood glucose levels
• C. Assess heart rate and blood pressure
• D. Evaluate bowel sounds

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Checking skin turgor and mucous membranes is the appropriate method to assess hydration status in a child with vomiting and diarrhea. Skin turgor is an indicator of skin elasticity, which decreases when an individual is dehydrated. Mucous membranes, such as the inside of the mouth, can also show signs of dehydration like dryness. Measuring blood glucose levels (choice B) is not relevant to assessing hydration status in this scenario. Assessing heart rate and blood pressure (choice C) is important in evaluating the overall condition of a child but may not directly indicate hydration status. Evaluating bowel sounds (choice D) is more related to assessing gastrointestinal function rather than hydration status.

4. What is a common symptom of congenital heart disease in infants?

• A. Excessive weight gain
• B. Difficulty breathing
• C. High blood pressure
• D. Increased appetite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Difficulty breathing is a common symptom of congenital heart disease in infants. Infants with congenital heart disease may experience difficulty breathing due to impaired cardiac function, which affects the heart's ability to pump blood effectively. This symptom is often due to issues like heart failure or fluid accumulation in the lungs. Excessive weight gain (Choice A) is not typically associated with congenital heart disease in infants. High blood pressure (Choice C) is less common in infants with congenital heart disease compared to adults. Increased appetite (Choice D) is not a typical symptom of congenital heart disease in infants.

5. What is a common symptom of an upper respiratory infection in children?

• A. Constipation
• B. Excessive vomiting
• C. Nasal congestion
• D. Abdominal pain

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Nasal congestion is a common symptom of an upper respiratory infection in children. It is typically accompanied by cough and sore throat. Constipation (choice A) and excessive vomiting (choice B) are not typical symptoms of upper respiratory infections. Abdominal pain (choice D) is more commonly associated with gastrointestinal issues rather than upper respiratory infections.

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