what is an important consideration when administering medications to a child with hepatic dysfunction

HESI LPN

LPN Nutrition Practice Test

1. What is an important consideration when administering medications to a child with hepatic dysfunction?

A. Increased dosing intervals
B. Adjustments in dosage due to altered metabolism
C. Avoid all medications
D. Use only topical medications

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When administering medications to a child with hepatic dysfunction, it is crucial to make adjustments in dosage due to altered metabolism. Hepatic dysfunction can affect the way medications are metabolized in the body, potentially leading to drug toxicity or reduced effectiveness. This is why adjusting the dosage is essential to ensure the medication is both safe and efficient. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing dosing intervals, avoiding all medications, or using only topical medications do not address the specific issue of altered drug metabolism in hepatic dysfunction.

2. What should be assessed in an infant diagnosed with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis?

A. Diarrhea after each feeding
B. Gastric pain and vigorous crying
C. Poor appetite due to poor sucking reflex
D. An olive-shaped mass right of the midline

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, an olive-shaped mass can often be palpated in the infant's abdomen, which is a hallmark sign of this condition. This mass is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, right of the midline. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because while infants with hypertrophic pyloric stenosis may experience vomiting (not diarrhea), gastric pain, and irritability, and have feeding difficulties, the key assessment finding specific to this condition is the palpable olive-shaped mass in the abdomen.

3. How should a healthcare provider approach the care of a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

A. Promote weight maintenance
B. Encourage joint mobility exercises
C. Avoid physical inactivity
D. Ensure a balanced diet

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Encouraging joint mobility exercises is the appropriate approach to caring for a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). These exercises help maintain joint function and reduce stiffness, which are crucial in managing the condition. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Promoting weight maintenance is more relevant than weight gain as maintaining a healthy weight is important in managing JIA. Avoiding physical inactivity is not recommended as controlled and appropriate physical activities can help improve joint flexibility and overall health. Ensuring a balanced diet, which includes adequate protein, is important for overall nutrition but is not a specific intervention for managing JIA.

4. What is a common sign of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in toddlers?

A. Excessive thirst
B. Frequent, painful urination
C. Increased appetite
D. Skin rash

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Frequent, painful urination is a common sign of a urinary tract infection in toddlers. This symptom is often accompanied by possible fever and irritability. Excessive thirst (Choice A) is not a typical sign of a UTI in toddlers and is more commonly associated with conditions like diabetes. Increased appetite (Choice C) is not a typical symptom of a UTI in toddlers either. Skin rash (Choice D) is not a common sign of a UTI but may indicate other conditions like allergies or infections.

5. Approximately how many milliliters are contained in a half-cup of milk?

A. 50
B. 85
C. 120
D. 170

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A half-cup of milk is equivalent to approximately 120 milliliters. This conversion is standard and commonly used in cooking and baking. Choice A (50 milliliters) is too low for a half-cup measurement. Choice B (85 milliliters) is also lower than the standard half-cup measurement of 120 milliliters. Choice D (170 milliliters) is too high for a half-cup, making it an incorrect option.