Nursing Elites

1. What is an important aspect of managing a child with chronic kidney disease?

• A. Monitoring electrolyte levels
• B. Increasing protein intake
• C. Limiting fluid intake
• D. Encouraging a high-fat diet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial in managing chronic kidney disease in children because imbalances can lead to serious complications. Electrolyte levels must be carefully monitored to prevent issues such as electrolyte abnormalities, which can further impact kidney function and overall health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because increasing protein intake, limiting fluid intake, and encouraging a high-fat diet can exacerbate kidney disease in children by putting extra strain on their kidneys or causing other health problems.

2. What is the primary treatment for a child with an anaphylactic reaction?

• A. Oral antihistamines
• B. Intravenous fluids
• C. Epinephrine injection
• D. Antipyretics

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Epinephrine injection. An epinephrine injection is the primary treatment for an anaphylactic reaction in children. Epinephrine acts quickly to reverse severe symptoms such as difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, and hives. Oral antihistamines, although useful for milder allergic reactions, are not sufficient to manage the potentially life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis. Intravenous fluids may be necessary to support blood pressure in a child with anaphylaxis but are not the primary treatment. Antipyretics, on the other hand, are medications used to reduce fever and are not indicated as the primary treatment for an anaphylactic reaction.

3. What dietary recommendation should be made to a child with iron-deficiency anemia?

• A. Increase intake of dairy products
• B. Include high-iron foods like spinach and meat
• C. Decrease protein intake
• D. Avoid all grains

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct recommendation for a child with iron-deficiency anemia is to include high-iron foods like spinach, red meat, and beans in their diet. These foods are rich sources of iron and can help address the deficiency. Choice A is incorrect as dairy products do not provide significant iron content. Choice C is incorrect because protein intake does not need to be decreased; in fact, lean meats are good sources of iron. Choice D is also incorrect as whole grains can be a part of a healthy diet and do not need to be avoided in this case.

4. What is a causative factor of Hirschsprung disease?

• A. Frequent evacuation of solids, liquids, and gases
• B. Excessive peristaltic movement
• C. Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon
• D. One portion of the bowel telescoping into another

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon. Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition characterized by the absence of nerve cells (ganglia) in parts of the colon. This absence leads to a lack of peristalsis in the affected segment, resulting in severe constipation and bowel obstruction. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A describes symptoms of diarrhea rather than a causative factor of Hirschsprung disease. Excessive peristaltic movement (choice B) is not a causative factor but rather the opposite, as Hirschsprung disease is associated with reduced peristalsis. Choice D, which refers to intussusception, is a different condition unrelated to Hirschsprung disease.

5. What is a key aspect of care for a child with an indwelling urinary catheter?

• A. Increase fluid intake
• B. Monitor for signs of infection
• C. Restrict mobility
• D. Administer daily antibiotics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Monitoring for signs of infection is crucial when caring for a child with an indwelling urinary catheter. This is because catheter-associated urinary tract infections are common in such cases. Increasing fluid intake can be beneficial, but monitoring for infection takes precedence as it is crucial to prevent complications. Restricting mobility is not a key aspect of care for a child with an indwelling urinary catheter unless specifically advised by a healthcare provider. Administering daily antibiotics without proper assessment and indication can lead to antibiotic resistance and is not a standard practice in caring for a child with an indwelling urinary catheter.

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