Nursing Elites

1. You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. What should you have done?

• A. Giving all the boys the vitamin C and the girls the placebo, and telling them what they were getting.
• B. Distributing the bottles randomly, randomizing the subjects, and telling them what they were getting.
• C. Telling the subjects which group they were in, but preventing yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles.
• D. Preventing yourself from knowing what is in the pill bottles, and distributing the bottles randomly to the subjects.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct approach in a scientific experiment is to prevent yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles and distribute them randomly to the subjects. This randomization helps to avoid bias and ensures that the results are not influenced by preconceived notions. Option A is incorrect because it introduces gender bias by assigning pills based on gender. Option B is incorrect as it mentions telling the subjects what they are getting, which could lead to placebo effects. Option C is incorrect as it suggests disclosing group information to the subjects, which can also introduce bias.

2. What is a common early sign of type 1 diabetes in children?

• A. Excessive thirst and frequent urination
• B. Severe abdominal pain
• C. Frequent headaches
• D. Sudden weight gain

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Excessive thirst and frequent urination are common early signs of type 1 diabetes in children. These symptoms occur due to high blood glucose levels, leading to increased thirst and urination. Severe abdominal pain (choice B) is not typically associated with type 1 diabetes. Although frequent headaches (choice C) can occur in some cases, they are not as specific to type 1 diabetes as excessive thirst and frequent urination. Sudden weight gain (choice D) is not a common early sign of type 1 diabetes; in fact, unexplained weight loss is more characteristic of the condition.

3. Which statement best describes the relationship between diet and chronic diseases?

• A. Diet has no impact on chronic diseases.
• B. A poor diet can increase the risk of developing chronic diseases.
• C. Diet is the sole cause of chronic diseases.
• D. A balanced diet can help prevent or manage chronic diseases.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Choice B is the correct answer. A poor diet can increase the risk of developing chronic diseases due to the lack of essential nutrients or the presence of harmful components like excessive sugar, salt, or saturated fats. While diet plays a significant role in the development of chronic diseases, it is not the sole cause (choice C). Choice A is incorrect because diet does indeed have a significant impact on chronic diseases. Choice D is not the best answer as it does not acknowledge the negative impact of a poor diet on chronic diseases.

4. What term describes foods that contain non-nutrient substances whose known action in the body is to promote well-being to a greater extent than that contributed by the food's nutrients?

• A. fortified foods
• B. enriched foods
• C. functional foods
• D. health-enhancing foods

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Functional foods are specifically designed to promote health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Fortified foods (choice A) are those with added nutrients that are not originally present, enriched foods (choice B) have nutrients added back that were lost during processing, and health-enhancing foods (choice D) is a vague and less specific term compared to functional foods.

5. What is the most effective therapy for maintaining remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia?

• A. Surgery to remove enlarged lymph nodes
• B. Long-term chemotherapy
• C. Nutritional supplements to enhance blood cell production
• D. Blood transfusions to replace ineffective red cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Long-term chemotherapy. Long-term chemotherapy, specifically with methotrexate, is the most effective therapy for maintaining remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Surgery to remove enlarged lymph nodes (Choice A) is not the primary treatment for leukemia. Nutritional supplements (Choice C) may support overall health but are not the mainstay therapy for maintaining leukemia remission. Blood transfusions (Choice D) are used to address anemia in some cases but are not the primary treatment for maintaining remission in acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

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