you have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin c as the subjects walk into the laboratory you distribute

HESI LPN

HESI PN Nutrition Practice Exam

1. You have been asked to help a top nutrition researcher conduct human experiments on vitamin C. As the subjects walk into the laboratory, you distribute all the vitamin C pill bottles to the girls and all the placebo pill bottles to the boys. What should you have done?

A. Giving all the boys the vitamin C and the girls the placebo, and telling them what they were getting.
B. Distributing the bottles randomly, randomizing the subjects, and telling them what they were getting.
C. Telling the subjects which group they were in, but preventing yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles.
D. Preventing yourself from knowing what is in the pill bottles, and distributing the bottles randomly to the subjects.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct approach in a scientific experiment is to prevent yourself from knowing the contents of the pill bottles and distribute them randomly to the subjects. This randomization helps to avoid bias and ensures that the results are not influenced by preconceived notions. Option A is incorrect because it introduces gender bias by assigning pills based on gender. Option B is incorrect as it mentions telling the subjects what they are getting, which could lead to placebo effects. Option C is incorrect as it suggests disclosing group information to the subjects, which can also introduce bias.

2. What is a key sign of meningitis in an infant?

A. Increased appetite
B. Bulging fontanel
C. Decreased respiratory rate
D. Elevated blood pressure

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A bulging fontanel is a key sign of meningitis in infants, indicating increased intracranial pressure due to inflammation of the meninges. This can lead to the fontanel bulging. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increased appetite is not typically associated with meningitis in infants; instead, they may have poor feeding. A decreased respiratory rate is not a common sign of meningitis in infants. Elevated blood pressure is also not a typical finding in infants with meningitis.

3. How should a healthcare provider assist in the management of a child with type 1 diabetes?

A. Provide high-carbohydrate snacks
B. Schedule frequent blood glucose tests
C. Increase dietary fat intake
D. Encourage a high-protein diet

Correct answer: B

Rationale: For the management of type 1 diabetes in a child, scheduling frequent blood glucose tests is essential. These tests help in monitoring blood sugar levels, adjusting insulin doses, and ensuring proper glucose control. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Providing high-carbohydrate snacks can lead to blood sugar spikes, increasing dietary fat intake is not recommended, and encouraging a high-protein diet is not a standard recommendation for managing type 1 diabetes in children.

4. What is a primary goal of managing diabetes mellitus in children?

A. Promote weight maintenance
B. Prevent episodes of hypoglycemia
C. Ensure normal growth and development
D. Optimize blood sugar control

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of managing diabetes mellitus in children is to ensure normal growth and development. This involves maintaining stable blood glucose levels to prevent complications. Option A is incorrect because promoting weight gain is not a primary goal in managing diabetes; rather, the aim is to maintain a healthy weight. Option B is not the primary goal; although it is important to prevent episodes of hypoglycemia, the main focus is on overall management. Option D is incorrect as optimizing blood sugar control is a means to achieve the primary goal, which is ensuring normal growth and development.

5. What is an important aspect of managing a child with chronic kidney disease?

A. Monitoring electrolyte levels
B. Increasing protein intake
C. Limiting fluid intake
D. Encouraging a high-fat diet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Monitoring electrolyte levels is crucial in managing chronic kidney disease in children because imbalances can lead to serious complications. Electrolyte levels must be carefully monitored to prevent issues such as electrolyte abnormalities, which can further impact kidney function and overall health. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because increasing protein intake, limiting fluid intake, and encouraging a high-fat diet can exacerbate kidney disease in children by putting extra strain on their kidneys or causing other health problems.