Nursing Elites

1. What is an essential aspect of managing a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

• A. Encouraging joint mobility and physical therapy
• B. Restricting all forms of exercise
• C. Increasing sugar intake
• D. Using only oral medications

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging joint mobility and physical therapy is crucial in managing juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). This approach helps maintain joint function, reduce stiffness, and improve the overall quality of life for children with JIA. Restricting all forms of exercise (Choice B) is not recommended, as appropriate physical activity is beneficial for joint health and overall well-being. Increasing sugar intake (Choice C) is not a recommended practice for managing JIA, as a healthy diet is important for overall well-being and can help reduce inflammation. Using only oral medications (Choice D) may not be sufficient for managing JIA, as a comprehensive treatment plan often includes a combination of medications, physical therapy, and other interventions to effectively manage the condition.

2. What is a common symptom of Kawasaki disease?

• A. Persistent fever for more than 5 days
• B. Excessive vomiting
• C. Sudden weight gain
• D. Decreased appetite

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A. Persistent fever lasting more than 5 days is a hallmark symptom of Kawasaki disease, often accompanied by rash and conjunctivitis. Excessive vomiting (choice B), sudden weight gain (choice C), and decreased appetite (choice D) are not typically associated with Kawasaki disease. Therefore, choices B, C, and D can be eliminated as they do not align with the common symptoms of Kawasaki disease.

3. How should the healthcare provider assist parents of a SIDS infant in coping?

• A. Encourage seeking grief counseling
• B. Remain detached
• C. Alleviate feelings of guilt and blame
• D. Discuss the parents' mistakes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Assisting parents of a SIDS infant in coping involves alleviating feelings of guilt and blame, providing emotional support, and offering appropriate counseling. It is crucial to address the parents' emotional well-being and help them cope with the loss. Choice A is not the best answer as it focuses solely on grief counseling, while the primary concern is addressing feelings of guilt and blame. Choice B is inappropriate as remaining detached does not provide the necessary emotional support these parents need. Choice D is incorrect as discussing the parents' mistakes can intensify their feelings of guilt and blame, rather than helping them cope effectively.

4. What is a common sign of iron-deficiency anemia in children?

• A. Yellowing of the skin
• B. Pallor and fatigue
• C. Rapid weight gain
• D. Increased appetite

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Pallor and fatigue are common signs of iron-deficiency anemia in children. Iron-deficiency anemia is characterized by a decreased production of red blood cells, leading to a paler appearance (pallor) and increased fatigue due to reduced oxygen-carrying capacity. Yellowing of the skin (choice A) is more commonly associated with liver or bile duct issues. Rapid weight gain (choice C) and increased appetite (choice D) are not typical signs of iron-deficiency anemia.

5. What is a causative factor of Hirschsprung disease?

• A. Frequent evacuation of solids, liquids, and gases
• B. Excessive peristaltic movement
• C. Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon
• D. One portion of the bowel telescoping into another

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Absence of parasympathetic ganglion cells in a portion of the colon. Hirschsprung disease is a congenital condition characterized by the absence of nerve cells (ganglia) in parts of the colon. This absence leads to a lack of peristalsis in the affected segment, resulting in severe constipation and bowel obstruction. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. Choice A describes symptoms of diarrhea rather than a causative factor of Hirschsprung disease. Excessive peristaltic movement (choice B) is not a causative factor but rather the opposite, as Hirschsprung disease is associated with reduced peristalsis. Choice D, which refers to intussusception, is a different condition unrelated to Hirschsprung disease.

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