Nursing Elites

1. What is a common treatment for a child with moderate to severe eczema?

• A. Topical corticosteroids
• B. Oral antibiotics
• C. Frequent saline irrigation
• D. High-calcium diet

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Topical corticosteroids are the correct answer for a child with moderate to severe eczema. These medications are commonly used to reduce inflammation and itching associated with eczema. Oral antibiotics (Choice B) are not typically used in eczema treatment unless there is a secondary bacterial infection. Frequent saline irrigation (Choice C) may aid in wound care but is not a primary treatment for eczema. A high-calcium diet (Choice D) is not a standard treatment for eczema and does not target the underlying inflammatory process that causes eczema symptoms.

2. In what position should infants be placed to sleep to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)?

• A. Right side-lying
• B. Left side-lying
• C. Prone
• D. Supine

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends placing infants on their backs (supine) to sleep to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This position has been shown to decrease the likelihood of SIDS occurrence. Placing infants on their right or left side (choices A and B) or prone (choice C) can increase the risk of SIDS as it may obstruct the infant's airway or lead to overheating, which are known risk factors for SIDS.

3. Which statement is true of minerals in their role as nutrients?

• A. They are organic compounds.
• B. They yield 4 kilocalories per gram.
• C. Some become dissolved in body fluids.
• D. Some are destroyed during cooking.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement is that some minerals become dissolved in body fluids, making them available for absorption and utilization by the body. Minerals are not organic compounds, so choice A is incorrect. Choice B is incorrect because minerals do not provide energy like macronutrients such as carbohydrates and fats. Choice D is incorrect because minerals are elements and cannot be destroyed by cooking; however, their availability and absorption may be affected by cooking methods.

4. What is the recommended treatment for a child with a first-degree burn?

• A. Immediate application of ice
• B. Administration of oral antibiotics
• C. Application of cool, moist compresses
• D. Application of hot packs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The recommended treatment for a child with a first-degree burn is the application of cool, moist compresses. This helps in reducing pain and swelling without causing further damage to the skin. Applying ice directly to a burn can lead to frostbite and worsen the injury (Choice A). Oral antibiotics are not necessary for first-degree burns as they do not typically involve infection (Choice B). Hot packs should be avoided as they can further damage the skin and increase inflammation (Choice D).

5. How should a healthcare provider manage a child with newly diagnosed congenital hypothyroidism?

• A. Monitor for signs of hyperactivity
• B. Ensure regular thyroid hormone replacement therapy
• C. Encourage a high-calcium diet
• D. Increase physical exercise

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Correct Answer: Ensuring regular thyroid hormone replacement therapy is crucial for managing congenital hypothyroidism in children. This therapy supports normal growth and development by replacing the deficient thyroid hormones. Monitoring for signs of hyperactivity (Choice A) is not the primary management for congenital hypothyroidism; rather, the focus should be on addressing the hormone deficiency. Encouraging a high-calcium diet (Choice C) may not directly address the thyroid hormone deficiency characteristic of congenital hypothyroidism. Increasing physical exercise (Choice D) is not the mainstay treatment for this condition; hormone replacement therapy is the cornerstone of management.

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