Nursing Elites

1. The occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is on the rise and is attributed to the changing lifestyle of Filipinos. The major NCDs are cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes mellitus (DM). The community health nurse can help address these problems. The major risk factors common to the above-mentioned four major NCDs are:

• A. Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking
• B. Hypertension, sedentary lifestyle, and poor stress management
• C. Obesity, sedentary lifestyle, and smoking
• D. Unhealthy diet, alcoholism, and sedentary lifestyle

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and smoking.' These are major risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and diabetes mellitus (DM). Unhealthy diet can lead to obesity and other health issues, physical inactivity contributes to various chronic conditions, and smoking is a well-known risk factor for cancer and respiratory diseases. Choice B is incorrect as hypertension is a condition that can result from these risk factors rather than being a risk factor itself. Poor stress management, although important for overall health, is not a major risk factor for the mentioned NCDs. Choice C is incorrect as although obesity is a risk factor, it is not mentioned in the question stem. Choice D is incorrect as alcoholism is not listed among the major NCDs or the common risk factors provided.

2. In formulating an objective of a community care plan, she expected results and people taking part in the activities should be clearly defined. This refers to an objective which is:

• A. time-bound
• B. specific
• C. resource-oriented
• D. measurable

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is 'specific.' In formulating a community care plan, defining expected results and participant roles require objectives to be specific to provide clear guidance and outcomes. 'Time-bound' refers to setting deadlines, 'resource-oriented' focuses on utilizing available resources efficiently, and 'measurable' indicates the ability to quantify progress, but these aspects do not necessarily address the need for clarity and definition in defining expected results and participant roles.

3. After 3 days, the nurse notes that James has chest indrawing and stridor. His mother returned him to the health center immediately. The nurse should:

• A. Change the antibiotic to second-line antibiotics
• B. Advise the mother to observe the child and continue giving the antibiotics
• C. Give the first dose of antibiotics and refer urgently
• D. Observe the child at the center

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chest indrawing and stridor are signs of severe respiratory distress. In this situation, immediate referral is essential. Giving the first dose of antibiotics before referral can help initiate treatment, but urgent referral for further evaluation and management is crucial. Choice A is incorrect because simply changing the antibiotic without assessing the severity of the symptoms and providing urgent care is not appropriate. Choice B is incorrect as advising the mother to observe the child and continue antibiotics delays necessary intervention for a potentially life-threatening condition. Choice D is incorrect as observing the child at the center is not sufficient when signs of severe illness are present.

4. In planning the use of resources for secondary prevention in a community clinic serving migrant families, which activity should be the priority?

• A. Skin testing for tuberculosis.
• B. Glucose monitoring for diabetes.
• C. Blood work for cardiovascular disease.
• D. Height and weight for altered nutrition.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Skin testing for tuberculosis. In a community clinic serving migrant families, tuberculosis is a significant health concern due to close living conditions and potential exposure during migration. Skin testing for tuberculosis is crucial for secondary prevention as it helps in early detection and prevention of the spread of the disease within the community. Choices B, C, and D are important health screenings but may not be the priority in this specific population where tuberculosis poses a higher risk.

5. When asked to help develop interventions to combat obesity among children, the community health nurse should stress the importance of implementing which activity?

• A. Set goals that are focused on developing healthier lifestyles.
• B. Develop strict diet plans for school-aged children.
• C. Provide diet classes for obese children during school hours.
• D. Require all children to participate in organized team sports.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Setting goals that are focused on developing healthier lifestyles. This approach is essential in combating childhood obesity as it promotes sustainable habits and behaviors. Option B, developing strict diet plans, may not be effective in the long term and could lead to unhealthy relationships with food. Option C, providing diet classes during school hours, may not address the root causes of obesity and could potentially stigmatize the children. Option D, requiring all children to participate in organized team sports, may not be feasible for all children and might not address dietary habits and sedentary behaviors.

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