Nursing Elites

1. Signs of malnutrition can appear when:

• A. nutrient reserves are depleted.
• B. nutrient intake exceeds daily needs.
• C. energy intake is restricted.
• D. caloric expenditure increases.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'nutrient reserves are depleted.' Signs of malnutrition manifest when the body's reserves of essential nutrients are exhausted and can no longer sustain health. Choice B is incorrect because excessive nutrient intake exceeding daily needs does not lead to malnutrition but may cause other health issues. Choice C is incorrect as restricting energy intake may lead to weight loss but not necessarily malnutrition. Choice D is also incorrect as increasing caloric expenditure does not directly cause malnutrition.

2. What triggers the release of cholecystokinin (CCK)?

• A. Presence of food in the stomach.
• B. Presence of fat in the duodenum.
• C. Entry of acid chyme into the ileum.
• D. Entry of bile into the gallbladder.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Presence of fat in the duodenum. Cholecystokinin (CCK) is released in response to the presence of fat in the duodenum to aid in digestion by stimulating the release of bile from the gallbladder and enzymes from the pancreas. Options A, C, and D are incorrect because CCK is specifically released in response to the presence of fat in the duodenum, not food in the stomach, acid chyme in the ileum, or bile in the gallbladder.

3. How does a nursing infant receive antibodies from its mother?

• A. Through anabolism and catabolism.
• B. Through the absorption of antibodies.
• C. Through the absorption of amino acids and synthesis of antibodies.
• D. Through genetic inheritance.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A nursing infant receives antibodies from its mother through the absorption of antibodies present in breast milk. Choice A is incorrect as anabolism and catabolism refer to metabolic processes, not the transfer of antibodies. Choice C is incorrect as the infant does not need to synthesize antibodies but directly receives them. Choice D is incorrect because while genetic inheritance plays a role in the immune system, in this case, the direct transfer of antibodies occurs through breast milk.

4. What is the maximum recommended daily intake of cholesterol?

• A. 100 mg.
• B. 200 mg.
• C. 300 mg.
• D. 400 mg.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 300 mg. The recommended maximum daily intake of cholesterol is 300 mg to reduce the risk of heart disease. Option A (100 mg) is too low, which may not provide enough cholesterol for normal bodily functions. Option B (200 mg) is also below the recommended limit. Option D (400 mg) exceeds the recommended daily intake, increasing the risk of heart disease.

5. The lining of the stomach and intestine is protected from self-digestion by:

• A. pepsinogen.
• B. bile.
• C. mucus.
• D. fat.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: mucus. Mucus forms a protective barrier that prevents the stomach and intestine from digesting themselves. Pepsinogen (choice A) is an inactive form of pepsin, a digestive enzyme, and does not protect the stomach lining. Bile (choice B) aids in the digestion and absorption of fats but does not protect the stomach lining. Fat (choice D) is a nutrient and energy source; it does not play a role in protecting the stomach and intestine from self-digestion.

Similar Questions