ATI LPN
PN Nutrition Assessment ATI
1. The percentage of the total daily caloric intake for healthy persons that should be supplied by carbohydrate is:
- A. 10% to 35%.
- B. 20% to 35%.
- C. 40% to 55%.
- D. 45% to 65%.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: 45% to 65%. Carbohydrates should contribute between 45% to 65% of the total daily caloric intake for healthy individuals to maintain a balanced diet. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they suggest lower ranges, which may not provide sufficient energy from carbohydrates for overall health and well-being.
2. The type of protein-energy malnutrition that results in edema, hypoalbuminemia, skin lesions, and fatty liver is:
- A. cachexia.
- B. marasmus.
- C. kwashiorkor.
- D. sarcopenia.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, kwashiorkor. Kwashiorkor is a type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by edema, hypoalbuminemia, skin lesions, and fatty liver. Edema is a key feature of kwashiorkor due to hypoalbuminemia, which leads to decreased oncotic pressure. Marasmus (choice B) is a form of severe malnutrition characterized by energy deficiency without significant protein deficiency, resulting in severe wasting. Cachexia (choice A) is a syndrome characterized by weight loss, muscle atrophy, fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite in someone who is not actively trying to lose weight. Sarcopenia (choice D) is the age-related loss of muscle mass and function.
3. What is the primary function of carbohydrates as a food source?
- A. Regulate metabolic processes.
- B. Build body tissue.
- C. Supply energy.
- D. Provide bulk.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The primary function of carbohydrates as a food source is to supply energy. Carbohydrates are the body's main source of energy, providing fuel for various physiological functions. Choice A is incorrect because carbohydrates do not primarily regulate metabolic processes; that role is mainly attributed to enzymes and hormones. Choice B is incorrect because proteins are primarily responsible for building body tissue. Choice D is incorrect because fiber, not all carbohydrates, provides bulk in the diet.
4. What are oligosaccharides composed of?
- A. 3 to 10 monosaccharide units.
- B. large portions of partially digested starch.
- C. nonnutritive sweeteners.
- D. used for weight management.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Oligosaccharides are carbohydrates composed of 3 to 10 monosaccharide units, making choice A the correct answer. Choice B is incorrect as oligosaccharides do not contain partially digested starch. Choice C is incorrect as nonnutritive sweeteners are a different category of compounds. Choice D is incorrect as oligosaccharides are not primarily used for weight management.
5. What is one useful outcome of keeping a record of everything you eat and drink for a day?
- A. Precise estimates of portion sizes.
- B. Determination of appropriate energy intake.
- C. Estimation of supplement needs.
- D. Increased awareness of personal food patterns.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increased awareness of personal food patterns. Keeping a food record is beneficial as it helps individuals become more mindful of their eating habits and food choices. This awareness can lead to identifying patterns, triggers, and areas for improvement in one's diet. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because the primary benefit of keeping a food record is not about precise estimates of portion sizes, determining energy intake, or estimating supplement needs, but rather about developing a deeper understanding of personal food patterns.
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