Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following are considered micronutrients?

• A. Fats.
• B. Proteins.
• C. Vitamins.
• D. Carbohydrates.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Micronutrients are essential nutrients needed by the body in small quantities to support various bodily functions. Vitamins fall under this category as they play crucial roles in metabolism, immune function, and overall health. While fats, proteins, and carbohydrates are essential macronutrients required in larger amounts for energy and growth, they are not classified as micronutrients. Therefore, the correct answer is C.

2. The sum of all chemical processes inside living cells of the body that sustain life and health is known as:

• A. physiology
• B. digestion
• C. metabolism
• D. nutrition

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Metabolism is the correct answer as it refers to the sum of all chemical processes that occur within living cells to maintain life and health. Physiology (Choice A) is the study of how living organisms function but does not specifically refer to cellular chemical processes. Digestion (Choice B) is the process of breaking down food in the body, not the overall cellular processes. Nutrition (Choice D) is the process of obtaining and consuming food necessary for health and growth, but it does not encompass all cellular processes related to sustaining life and health.

3. Foodborne illness may be caused by contamination of food with:

• A. pesticides.
• B. genetically modified ingredients.
• C. microorganisms.
• D. food additives.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: microorganisms. Microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses, are common causes of foodborne illnesses. These pathogens can contaminate food during various stages of production, processing, or preparation. Choice A, pesticides, are chemicals used to control pests and are not a common cause of foodborne illnesses. Genetically modified ingredients, choice B, refer to foods derived from genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and are not inherently linked to foodborne illnesses. Food additives, choice D, are substances added to food to preserve flavor or enhance taste and are not typically the primary cause of foodborne illnesses.

4. In addition to protein, which nutrients contribute to the building and repair of tissue?

• A. Vitamins
• B. Carbohydrates
• C. Fats
• D. Enzymes

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vitamins. Vitamins play a crucial role in tissue building and repair along with protein. Carbohydrates (choice B) are primarily a source of energy and not directly involved in tissue building. Fats (choice C) are important for energy storage and insulation but are not the main contributors to tissue building. Enzymes (choice D) are biological catalysts and do not directly contribute to tissue building and repair.

5. Exchange Lists for Meal Planning group foods that are equivalent in their:

• A. weight.
• B. serving size.
• C. micronutrient content.
• D. macronutrient content.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Exchange Lists for Meal Planning categorize foods based on their macronutrient content, such as carbohydrate, protein, and fat. These lists help individuals make food choices while ensuring similar amounts of macronutrients are consumed. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because Exchange Lists focus on macronutrient content, not weight, serving size, or micronutrient content.

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