Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following sandwiches is high in saturated fatty acids?

• A. Tuna salad
• B. Grilled cheese
• C. Turkey and sprouts
• D. Peanut butter and jelly

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is Grilled cheese because it is high in saturated fatty acids due to the dairy fat content in cheese. Tuna salad, turkey and sprouts, and peanut butter and jelly do not contain as high levels of saturated fatty acids as grilled cheese. Tuna salad typically contains mayonnaise which may contribute to some saturated fat content, but it is generally lower compared to the cheese in grilled cheese. Turkey and sprouts are leaner options, while peanut butter and jelly are higher in unsaturated fats rather than saturated fats.

2. What is a major function of glucose?

• A. Produce energy.
• B. Transport oxygen to cells.
• C. Convert fat to glycogen.
• D. Maintain body weight.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Glucose serves as a primary source of energy for the body, especially for the brain and muscles. Choice B is incorrect because glucose itself is not responsible for transporting oxygen to cells. Choice C is incorrect as glucose is converted to glycogen, not the other way around. Choice D is incorrect as glucose itself does not play a direct role in maintaining body weight.

3. Most fat replacers are made from:

• A. proteins.
• B. carbohydrates.
• C. cholesterol.
• D. monoglycerides.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Most fat replacers are made from carbohydrates. Carbohydrates are utilized to mimic the texture of fats in food products. Proteins (Choice A) are not commonly used as fat replacers and are more often associated with other functions in food. Cholesterol (Choice C) is a type of fat and not used to replace fat in food products. Monoglycerides (Choice D) are sometimes used as emulsifiers or stabilizers in food products but are not the primary source of fat replacers.

4. The release of gastric secretions is stimulated by nerve and hormonal stimuli and the:

• A. ingestion of water.
• B. swallowing reflex.
• C. presence of food in the stomach.
• D. closing of the pyloric sphincter.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'presence of food in the stomach.' Gastric secretions are stimulated when food enters the stomach, triggering nerve and hormonal responses. This process prepares the stomach for digestion. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because ingesting water, swallowing reflex, and the closing of the pyloric sphincter do not directly stimulate the release of gastric secretions.

5. Sucrose consists of a combination of glucose and:

• A. maltose.
• B. fructose.
• C. galactose.
• D. lactose.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, fructose. Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of fructose. Maltose (choice A) is composed of two glucose molecules, galactose (choice C) is a monosaccharide, and lactose (choice D) is composed of one molecule of glucose and one molecule of galactose. Therefore, fructose is the correct choice for the second component of sucrose.

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