Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following plasma proteins helps maintain fluid balance?

• A. Albumin
• B. Fibrinogen
• C. Hemoglobin
• D. Collagen

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Albumin is the correct answer. It is a plasma protein that helps maintain osmotic pressure, thereby playing a vital role in regulating fluid balance in the body. Fibrinogen is involved in blood clotting, not fluid balance. Hemoglobin is responsible for oxygen transport in red blood cells, not fluid balance. Collagen is a structural protein found in connective tissues, not directly involved in fluid balance.

2. Which of the following is an example of a plasma protein?

• A. Collagen.
• B. Myosin.
• C. Albumin.
• D. Phospholipid.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, albumin. Albumin is a plasma protein that plays a crucial role in maintaining fluid balance in the blood. Collagen (choice A) is a structural protein found in connective tissues, not a plasma protein. Myosin (choice B) is a protein involved in muscle contraction, not found in the blood plasma. Phospholipid (choice D) is a type of lipid molecule, not a protein present in plasma.

3. The end products of digestion of macronutrients include fatty acids, amino acids, and:

• A. monosaccharides.
• B. polysaccharides.
• C. enzymes.
• D. cholesterol.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: monosaccharides. When macronutrients like carbohydrates are digested, they are broken down into simpler forms. Carbohydrates are broken down into monosaccharides, proteins into amino acids, and fats into fatty acids. Therefore, the end products of carbohydrate digestion are monosaccharides. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because polysaccharides are larger carbohydrate molecules, enzymes are not the end products of digestion but rather aid in the process, and cholesterol is not a direct end product of macronutrient digestion.

4. What group makes each amino acid unique?

• A. Radical group
• B. Amino group
• C. Carboxyl group
• D. Peptide bond

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is the radical group (R-group) because it is the unique side chain that differentiates each amino acid. The amino group (choice B) and carboxyl group (choice C) are functional groups common to all amino acids but do not make them unique. The peptide bond (choice D) is the bond formed between amino acids in a protein chain, not the group that makes each amino acid unique.

5. What are the compounds in soy foods with estrogen-like activity examples of?

• A. Indispensable amino acids.
• B. Phytochemicals.
• C. Neurotransmitters.
• D. Metabolic by-products.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Phytochemicals. Phytochemicals in soy foods can mimic estrogen and may have health benefits. Indispensable amino acids are essential amino acids that the body cannot produce on its own. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers in the nervous system. Metabolic by-products are substances produced during metabolism.

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