Nursing Elites

1. Protein is constantly being exchanged between which two components?

• A. tissue and plasma.
• B. the liver and the small intestine.
• C. blood and lymph.
• D. the heart and lungs.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is 'tissue and plasma.' Protein turnover involves the continuous exchange of proteins between body tissues and the bloodstream (plasma) as part of normal metabolic processes. This process ensures a balance in protein levels throughout the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not represent the primary sites for protein turnover in the body.

2. What does the Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) represent?

• A. a replacement for Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs).
• B. a safe level of intake for people of all ages.
• C. a potentially toxic level of intake of a nutrient.
• D. the highest amount of a nutrient that can be safely consumed.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) represents the highest amount of a nutrient that can be safely consumed without causing adverse health effects. It is not a replacement for Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) (choice A) which are nutrient intake recommendations. While the UL is established to prevent toxicity, it is not a completely safe level for people of all ages (choice B). It is also not a potentially toxic level of intake of a nutrient (choice C), but rather the level that is unlikely to cause adverse health effects.

3. Which of the following is a source of complete protein?

• A. Cereal grains.
• B. Beans.
• C. Nuts.
• D. Eggs.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Eggs are considered a source of complete protein because they contain all the essential amino acids required by the body. The other options, cereal grains, beans, and nuts, do not provide all the essential amino acids in the necessary proportions to be classified as complete proteins.

4. Which lipoprotein carries fat from a meal just consumed to the liver?

• A. Very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL).
• B. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL).
• C. Chylomicrons.
• D. High-density lipoprotein (HDL).

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Chylomicrons are the lipoproteins responsible for transporting dietary fat from the intestines to various tissues, including the liver. VLDL carries lipids synthesized in the liver, LDL transports cholesterol to tissues, and HDL helps transport cholesterol away from tissues to the liver for excretion. Therefore, in the context of carrying fat from a meal just consumed to the liver, chylomicrons are the correct choice.

5. How can cholesterol absorption be decreased?

• A. Vitamin K.
• B. Plant sterols.
• C. Trans fats.
• D. Phospholipids.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Plant sterols. Plant sterols can reduce cholesterol absorption by competing with cholesterol for absorption sites. Vitamin K, choice A, does not have a significant impact on cholesterol absorption. Trans fats, choice C, are known to increase cholesterol levels rather than decrease absorption. Phospholipids, choice D, play a role in cell structure and are not directly involved in reducing cholesterol absorption.

Similar Questions