Nursing Elites

1. The body of scientific knowledge related to nutritional requirements for human growth, maintenance, activity, and reproduction is known as:

• A. physiology.
• B. nutrition science.
• C. biochemistry.
• D. dietetics.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: nutrition science. Nutrition science specifically focuses on studying the requirements and functions of nutrients in relation to human growth, maintenance, activity, and reproduction. Choice A, physiology, deals more with the functions of living organisms and their parts, not specifically related to nutrients. Choice C, biochemistry, focuses on the chemical processes and substances that occur within living organisms, not specifically centered on nutritional requirements. Choice D, dietetics, involves the application of nutritional knowledge in planning and managing diets for individuals, but it is more focused on the practical aspect rather than the broader scientific study of nutritional requirements.

2. A major focus of the 2010 Dietary Guidelines is:

• A. generally healthy segments of the population
• B. the unhealthy American public
• C. vulnerable population segments
• D. ethnically diverse eating styles

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: the unhealthy American public. The 2010 Dietary Guidelines primarily aimed to address the unhealthy eating habits prevalent in the American population. Choice A is incorrect as the focus was not solely on generally healthy segments of the population. Choice C is incorrect as the guidelines were not specifically tailored only for vulnerable population segments. Choice D is incorrect as the guidelines were more concerned with promoting healthy eating habits rather than ethnically diverse eating styles.

3. Where is Vitamin B12 found?

• A. Whole grains.
• B. Nuts.
• C. Meats.
• D. Legumes.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Vitamin B12 is primarily found in animal-derived foods like meats. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as whole grains, nuts, and legumes do not naturally contain significant amounts of Vitamin B12. Therefore, the correct answer is 'C: Meats.'

4. Which age group is particularly vulnerable to malnutrition?

• A. Infants
• B. Teenagers
• C. Young adults
• D. Middle-aged adults

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Infants are particularly vulnerable to malnutrition due to their high growth rate and specific nutrient requirements. During the first year of life, infants experience rapid growth and development, requiring essential nutrients for proper physical and cognitive development. Teenagers, young adults, and middle-aged adults have more stable nutritional needs compared to infants, making them less vulnerable to malnutrition. Therefore, infants are the most susceptible age group when it comes to malnutrition.

5. The major focus of nutritional recommendations in this century has shifted to:

• A. prevention and control of chronic diseases.
• B. improved sanitation and public health.
• C. prevention and control of infectious diseases.
• D. development of healthful foods using food technology.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: prevention and control of chronic diseases. In this century, nutritional recommendations have increasingly emphasized the importance of preventing and managing chronic diseases like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. Lifestyle factors such as diet play a significant role in the development of these conditions. Option B, improved sanitation and public health, although important for overall health, is not the primary focus of nutritional recommendations. Option C, prevention and control of infectious diseases, is also crucial but does not reflect the current major focus of nutritional recommendations. Option D, development of healthful foods using food technology, is a valid area of interest but is not the primary shift in focus observed in nutritional recommendations.

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