Nursing Elites

1. How is power defined in terms of physics?

• A. The rate at which work is done
• B. The amount of force applied
• C. The distance an object travels
• D. The potential energy of an object

Correct answer: A

Rationale: In physics, power is defined as the rate at which work is done, which refers to the amount of energy transferred or converted per unit time. Choice B, 'The amount of force applied,' is incorrect as power is related to work done, not just force. Choice C, 'The distance an object travels,' is not the definition of power but rather relates to displacement or distance. Choice D, 'The potential energy of an object,' is not the correct definition of power; potential energy is different from power. Therefore, the correct definition of power in physics is the rate at which work is done.

2. When unpolarized light passes through a polarizing filter, the intensity of the transmitted light is:

• A. Completely absorbed
• B. Reduced by half
• C. Unaffected
• D. Doubled

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When unpolarized light passes through a polarizing filter, the filter only allows light waves oscillating in a specific direction to pass through while blocking light waves oscillating in other directions. Since unpolarized light consists of light waves oscillating in all possible directions, when it passes through a polarizing filter, only half of the light waves (those oscillating in the direction allowed by the filter) are transmitted. As a result, the intensity of the transmitted light is reduced by half. Choice A is incorrect because the light is not completely absorbed; choice C is incorrect because the polarizing filter affects the transmitted light; and choice D is incorrect because the intensity does not double, but rather decreases by half due to the selective transmission of light waves in a specific direction by the polarizing filter.

3. What happens during expiration?

• A. The diaphragm contracts and the thoracic cavity expands.
• B. The diaphragm relaxes and the thoracic cavity contracts.
• C. The thoracic cavity expands, increasing pressure.
• D. The diaphragm relaxes and moves upward.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. During expiration, the diaphragm relaxes, causing the thoracic cavity to contract. As the thoracic cavity decreases in size, the pressure inside the lungs increases, leading to air flowing out of the lungs. This process helps to expel carbon dioxide-rich air from the body. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. In choice A, the diaphragm contracting and the thoracic cavity expanding describes inspiration, not expiration. Choice C is incorrect because during expiration, the thoracic cavity actually decreases in size. Choice D is incorrect as the diaphragm moving upward is not a typical movement associated with expiration.

4. Which of the following statements is correct based on anatomical terms?

• A. The shoulder joint is proximal to the neck.
• B. The elbow joint is superior to the shoulder.
• C. The thoracic vertebrae are superior to the cervical vertebrae.
• D. The thumb is on the lateral aspect of the hand.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Option D is the correct answer based on anatomical terms. The thumb is indeed located on the lateral aspect of the hand, following anatomical positioning. The terms 'proximal,' 'superior,' and 'inferior' are used in relation to the center of the body or a specific point of reference, while 'lateral' and 'medial' describe positions further away or closer to the midline of the body. Therefore, the thumb being on the lateral side of the hand is an accurate anatomical description. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not align with anatomical terminology. In anatomical terms, 'proximal' refers to a position closer to the center of the body, 'superior' indicates a position above or higher than another part, and 'inferior' signifies a position below or lower than another part. The shoulder joint is distal to the neck, the elbow is inferior to the shoulder, and the cervical vertebrae are superior to the thoracic vertebrae.

5. Which of the following pathologies is caused by a virus?

• A. Asthma
• B. Cystic Fibrosis
• C. Epiglottitis
• D. Influenza

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Influenza. Influenza is a viral infection caused by the influenza virus. Asthma and cystic fibrosis are not caused by viruses. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition related to inflammation and airway constriction, while cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs. Epiglottitis is most commonly caused by bacteria, particularly Haemophilus influenzae type B, rather than a virus.

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