Nursing Elites

1. What influences health status?

• A. lifestyle choices and community resources
• B. availability of health technology like diagnostic machines
• C. presence of toxic environmental conditions
• D. all of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Health status is influenced by a combination of lifestyle choices, community resources, health technology like diagnostic machines, and environmental conditions. Each of these factors plays a role in determining an individual's overall health. Choice A is correct as lifestyle choices (such as diet, exercise, and smoking habits) and access to community resources (like healthcare facilities, support groups, and recreational spaces) are important determinants of health. Choice B is correct as the availability of health technology, including diagnostic machines, can impact early detection and treatment of health conditions. Choice C is correct as exposure to toxic environmental conditions (such as pollution, contaminated water, or hazardous waste) can have adverse effects on health. Therefore, the correct answer is D because all of these factors collectively influence health status.

2. Which topic should the nurse include in planning a primary prevention class for adolescents?

• A. Risk factors for heart disease.
• B. Dietary management of obesity.
• C. Suicide risks and prevention.
• D. Coping with stressful situations.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct topic that the nurse should include in planning a primary prevention class for adolescents is suicide risks and prevention. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to mental health issues, including suicidal ideation. Educating them about suicide risks and prevention strategies is crucial for early intervention and support. Choices A, B, and D are important topics, but when considering primary prevention for adolescents, addressing suicide risks and prevention takes precedence due to its immediate life-saving implications.

3. What does the term 'social determinants of health' refer to?

• A. Genetic predispositions
• B. Lifestyle choices
• C. Conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age
• D. Access to medical care

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The term 'social determinants of health' refers to the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age. This includes factors like socioeconomic status, education, physical environment, employment, and social support networks. These factors have a significant impact on health outcomes. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because genetic predispositions, lifestyle choices, and access to medical care, although important, are not encompassed by the term 'social determinants of health.'

4. The nurse is caring for a 4-year-old child with a greenstick fracture. In explaining this type of fracture to the parents, the best response by the nurse should be that

• A. A child's bone is more flexible and can be bent 45 degrees before breaking
• B. Bones of children are more porous than adults and often have incomplete breaks
• C. Compression of porous bones produces a buckle or torus type break
• D. Bone fragments often remain attached by a periosteal hinge

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. Greenstick fractures are common in children because their bones are softer and more porous than adult bones, leading to incomplete breaks when force is applied. Choice A is incorrect as greenstick fractures are not due to bone flexibility but rather the porous nature of children's bones. Choice C is incorrect as it describes a buckle or torus type break, which is not characteristic of a greenstick fracture. Choice D is incorrect as greenstick fractures do not involve bone fragments remaining attached by a periosteal hinge.

5. The new graduate nurse interviews for a position in a nursing department of a large health care agency, described by the interviewer as having shared governance. Which of these statements best illustrates the shared governance model?

• A. An appointed board oversees any administrative decisions
• B. Nursing departments share responsibility for client outcomes
• C. Staff groups are appointed to discuss nursing practice and client education issues
• D. Non-nurse managers supervise nursing staff in groups of units

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because shared governance involves nurses and other staff sharing responsibility for decisions related to patient care and outcomes, promoting collaborative practice and shared accountability. Choice A is incorrect as shared governance includes active participation of frontline staff, not just an appointed board. Choice C is incorrect because shared governance goes beyond just discussing issues to actively sharing responsibility for decision-making. Choice D is incorrect as shared governance encourages nurses to have a significant role in decision-making rather than being supervised by non-nurse managers.

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