HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Study Guide
1. A client with diabetes mellitus is receiving insulin glargine (Lantus). The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following side effects?
- A. Hypoglycemia
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Hypertension
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Insulin glargine is a long-acting insulin used to control blood sugar levels in diabetes. The nurse should monitor the client for hypoglycemia, which is a potential side effect of insulin therapy. Hypoglycemia occurs when blood sugar levels drop too low, leading to symptoms such as shakiness, dizziness, sweating, confusion, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness. Hyperkalemia (choice B) is an elevated potassium level, not typically associated with insulin glargine. Hypertension (choice C) is high blood pressure, which is not a common side effect of insulin glargine. Hypercalcemia (choice D) is an elevated calcium level and is not related to the use of insulin glargine.
2. Certain health policies/strategies serve as guidelines in the delivery of services. Which of these is incorrect?
- A. A growth monitoring chart is a tool recommended for assessing and recording the child's health condition.
- B. Voluntary blood donation should be promoted through the organization of walking blood banks in rural areas.
- C. Public sectors should collaborate with the private sector for effective utilization of resources.
- D. Traditional birth attendants should be trained and allowed to provide prenatal care to mothers.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Choice C is incorrect because public sectors are encouraged to collaborate with the private sector for effective utilization of resources, not work separately. Collaborating with the private sector can lead to improved resource allocation, better service delivery, and enhanced healthcare outcomes. Choices A, B, and D are correct as growth monitoring charts are indeed recommended for assessing child health, promoting voluntary blood donation through walking blood banks is beneficial, and training traditional birth attendants to provide prenatal care can improve maternal health.
3. A community health nurse is conducting a neighborhood discussion group about disaster planning. What information regarding transmission of anthrax should the nurse provide to the group?
- A. Infection is acquired when anthrax spores enter a host.
- B. Mature anthrax bacteria live dormant on inanimate objects.
- C. Spores cannot survive for extended periods outside a living host.
- D. Anthrax is transmitted by respiratory droplets from person to person.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct information the nurse should provide is that anthrax infection occurs when spores enter a host. Choice B is incorrect as mature anthrax bacteria do not live dormant on inanimate objects. Choice C is incorrect as anthrax spores can survive for extended periods outside a living host. Choice D is incorrect as anthrax is not transmitted by respiratory droplets from person to person.
4. The client with acute hypocalcemia is admitted to the unit. Nursing action should include:
- A. Implement seizure precautions
- B. Assess for hypoglycemia
- C. Monitor for visual changes
- D. Observe for muscle weakness
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct action for a client with acute hypocalcemia is to implement seizure precautions. Hypocalcemia can lead to tetany and seizures due to neuromuscular irritability. Assessing for hypoglycemia (choice B) is not directly related to hypocalcemia. Monitoring for visual changes (choice C) is more indicative of conditions like hyperglycemia or retinal disorders. Observing for muscle weakness (choice D) is a common symptom of hypocalcemia but does not address the immediate risk of seizures, which is why implementing seizure precautions is the priority nursing action.
5. As community health nurses engage in the process of community empowerment, it is essential that they:
- A. gather data from the community
- B. form partnerships with people in the community
- C. make decisions for the people in the community
- D. accept responsibility for people's actions
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In the process of community empowerment, community health nurses should form partnerships with the community rather than making decisions for them, gathering data alone, or accepting responsibility for their actions. Forming partnerships ensures that the community is actively involved in decision-making processes, leading to sustainable and effective outcomes. Gathering data is important but not the central aspect of empowerment, while accepting responsibility for people's actions is not a core principle of empowerment but rather promoting accountability within the community.
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