as you are administering penicillin intravenously you determine that the patient becomes hypotensive and with a bounding rapid pulse rate what is the

HESI LPN

HESI Leadership and Management Test Bank

1. While administering penicillin intravenously, you notice that the patient becomes hypotensive with a bounding, rapid pulse rate. What is the first action you should take?

A. Decrease the rate of the intravenous medication flow.
B. Increase the rate of the intravenous medication flow.
C. Call the doctor.
D. Stop the intravenous flow.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct action to take when a patient becomes hypotensive with a bounding, rapid pulse rate after administering penicillin intravenously is to stop the intravenous flow immediately. This can help prevent further complications by discontinuing the administration of the medication that might be causing the adverse effects. Decreasing or increasing the rate of medication flow may not address the underlying issue of the patient's adverse reaction. While it's important to involve the healthcare provider in such situations, the immediate priority is to halt the administration of the medication.

2. Steven John has type 1 diabetes mellitus and receives insulin. Which laboratory test will the nurse assess?

A. Potassium
B. AST (aspartate aminotransferase)
C. Serum amylase
D. Sodium

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Potassium. Patients with type 1 diabetes receiving insulin are at risk of developing hypokalemia due to insulin's effects on potassium levels. Monitoring potassium levels is crucial to prevent complications such as cardiac arrhythmias. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because AST, serum amylase, and sodium levels are not directly impacted by insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes and are not the primary concern that needs monitoring in this scenario.

3. Which of the following is a benefit of the U.S. health-care system?

A. With cost savings from technology, more Americans now have health-care insurance.
B. Quality of care has improved in the United States.
C. Care in the United States has shifted to a prevention focus rather than an illness focus.
D. The use of technology is projected to decrease health-care costs and improve clinical outcomes.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the use of technology and electronic health records is projected to decrease health-care costs and improve clinical outcomes, quality, and safety. Choice A is incorrect because it states that very few Americans have no health-care insurance, which is not a benefit of the U.S. health-care system. Choice B may be true, but it does not directly address a benefit of the health-care system. Choice C is not necessarily a benefit but rather a shift in focus, so it is also incorrect.

4. Which statement about appendicitis is accurate and true?

A. Appendicitis is more common among females than males.
B. A high fiber diet is a risk factor associated with appendicitis.
C. Left lower quadrant pain is suggestive of appendicitis.
D. McBurney's point tenderness is suggestive of appendicitis.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: McBurney's point tenderness is suggestive of appendicitis. McBurney's point is located in the right lower abdomen and tenderness at this point is a classic sign of appendicitis. Choice A is incorrect as appendicitis is slightly more common in males than females. Choice B is incorrect as a high fiber diet is actually considered to be protective against appendicitis. Choice C is incorrect as appendicitis typically presents with pain in the right lower quadrant, not the left.

5. What is an episiotomy?

A. A surgical incision of the perineum to prevent tearing during delivery.
B. Releasing the red plug from the cervix just before crowning occurs.
C. An incision in the abdomen with which the baby can be delivered through.
D. The severance of the umbilical cord between mother and child.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: An episiotomy is a surgical incision of the perineum to prevent tearing during delivery. This procedure is performed to widen the vaginal opening and facilitate childbirth. Choice B is incorrect as it describes the expulsion of the mucus plug, not an episiotomy. Choice C is incorrect as it refers to a different procedure, a cesarean section, where the baby is delivered through an incision in the abdomen. Choice D is incorrect as it pertains to cutting the umbilical cord, which is not related to an episiotomy.