Nursing Elites

1. An object is thrown at an angle. Which of the following forces acts HORIZONTALLY on the object during its flight?

• A. Gravitational force
• B. Normal force from the ground
• C. Air resistance
• D. The force of throwing

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During the flight of the object, the only force that acts horizontally on the object is air resistance. Air resistance opposes the motion of the object through the air and acts in the direction opposite to the object's velocity. Gravitational force acts vertically downward, influencing the object's weight and vertical motion. The normal force from the ground acts perpendicular to the ground to support the object's weight. The force of throwing initially imparts velocity to the object at an angle, but it does not act horizontally throughout the flight.

2. What is the primary cause of acne vulgaris, commonly known as acne?

• A. Dry skin
• B. Clogged pores and excess oil production
• C. Bacterial infection alone
• D. Vitamin deficiency

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The primary cause of acne vulgaris is clogged pores and excess oil production. Acne develops when hair follicles become clogged with oil and dead skin cells, creating an environment for bacteria to thrive, leading to inflammation and acne breakouts. While dry skin, bacterial infection alone, and vitamin deficiency can contribute to acne, they are not the main underlying cause. Therefore, the correct answer is clogged pores and excess oil production, as they form the basis for the development of acne vulgaris.

3. What function do genes serve in the relationship between parents and offspring?

• A. Genes enable hereditary information to be passed from parents to offspring.
• B. Genes prohibit hereditary information from being passed from parents to offspring.
• C. Genes enable environmental factors to affect parents and offspring.
• D. Genes serve no function in the relationship between parents and offspring.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Genes play a crucial role in passing hereditary information from parents to offspring, ensuring the transmission of genetic traits. This process forms the basis of inheritance and genetic continuity between generations. Choice B is incorrect as genes do not prohibit but rather facilitate the transmission of hereditary information. Choice C is incorrect because genes primarily transmit genetic information, while the influence of environmental factors is separate. Choice D is incorrect as genes are fundamental in genetic inheritance and the relationship between parents and offspring.

4. What is kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency disease, characterized by?

• A. Muscle wasting
• B. Night blindness
• C. Scurvy
• D. Rickets

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Kwashiorkor is a severe acute malnutrition condition resulting from insufficient dietary protein intake. It is characterized by symptoms such as edema, skin lesions, an enlarged liver with fatty infiltrates, and notably, muscle wasting. Muscle wasting occurs as the body breaks down muscle tissue to obtain essential amino acids for vital functions. Night blindness (option B) is associated with vitamin A deficiency, scurvy (option C) results from a lack of vitamin C, and rickets (option D) is caused by a deficiency in vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate.

5. In the reaction 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O, how many moles of oxygen are required to react completely with 4 moles of hydrogen?

• A. 1
• B. 2
• C. 3
• D. 4

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The balanced chemical equation indicates that 2 moles of H2 react with 1 mole of O2 to produce 2 moles of H2O. To determine how many moles of O2 are required to react with 4 moles of H2, you can use the mole ratio from the balanced equation: 2 moles of H2 react with 1 mole of O2. Therefore, to react completely with 4 moles of H2, you would need 2 moles of O2 (4 moles H2 ÷ 2 moles H2 per 1 mole O2). Hence, 2 moles of oxygen are required to react completely with 4 moles of hydrogen. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not reflect the correct stoichiometry as defined by the balanced chemical equation.

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