Nursing Elites

1. A routine urinalysis is a common diagnostic test. What does a urinalysis typically evaluate?

• A. Blood sugar levels
• B. Presence of white blood cells (indicating possible infection)
• C. Kidney function
• D. All of the above

Correct answer: D

Rationale: A routine urinalysis evaluates multiple components of urine, including blood sugar levels, the presence of white blood cells indicating a possible infection, and kidney function. Blood sugar levels are assessed to monitor for conditions like diabetes. The presence of white blood cells is checked to detect possible urinary tract infections. Kidney function is evaluated by assessing markers like creatinine and protein levels. Therefore, all of the above options are typically evaluated in a urinalysis, making choice D the correct answer.

2. What is the temperature of 35°C in Kelvin?

• A. 220
• B. 238
• C. 308
• D. 345

Correct answer: C

Rationale: To convert Celsius to Kelvin, add 273.15 to the Celsius temperature. In this case, 35°C + 273.15 = 308.15 K. Therefore, the correct answer is 308 K. Choice A (220) is incorrect as it does not account for adding 273.15 to convert to Kelvin. Choice B (238) is incorrect as it is not the result of adding 273.15 to 35°C. Choice D (345) is incorrect as it is not the correct conversion of 35°C to Kelvin.

3. What property of a substance remains constant regardless of changes in gravity?

• A. Mass
• B. Weight
• C. Volume
• D. Density

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object and remains constant regardless of changes in gravity. Weight, on the other hand, is a measure of the gravitational force acting on an object and varies with changes in gravity. Volume is the amount of space occupied by an object and can change with changes in gravity. Density is the mass of a substance per unit volume and can also change with changes in gravity if the volume changes. Therefore, the correct answer is mass as it remains the same regardless of the gravitational force acting on the object, making it an intrinsic property of the substance.

4. What happens to the density of a substance if its mass increases while its volume remains constant?

• A. Density increases
• B. Density decreases
• C. Density remains constant
• D. Density becomes zero

Correct answer: A

Rationale: When the mass of a substance increases while its volume remains constant, the density, which is calculated by dividing mass by volume, will increase. This is because with a higher mass and the volume staying the same, the ratio of mass to volume (density) will be greater, resulting in an overall increase in density. Choice B, 'Density decreases,' is incorrect because an increase in mass with constant volume leads to a higher density. Choice C, 'Density remains constant,' is incorrect as an increase in mass will cause the density to increase. Choice D, 'Density becomes zero,' is incorrect because even with an increase in mass, as long as volume remains constant, density will not reach zero; it will increase instead.

5. What is the primary organ responsible for filtering urine?

• A. Kidneys
• B. Bladder
• C. Ureters
• D. Urethra

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Kidneys. The kidneys are the primary organs responsible for filtering urine. They filter waste products and excess substances from the blood to produce urine. Subsequently, urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder temporarily stores urine until it is expelled from the body through the urethra. The bladder's function is storage, the ureters transport urine, and the urethra is the exit pathway for urine expulsion. Therefore, the kidneys play a vital role in the filtration and production of urine within the urinary system.

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