Nursing Elites

1. A client is 48 hours postoperative following a small bowel resection. The client reports gas pains in the periumbilical area. The nurse should plan care based on which of the following factors contributing to this postoperative complication?

• A. Impaired peristalsis of the intestines
• B. Infection at the surgical site
• C. Fluid overload
• D. Inadequate pain management

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Gas pains in the periumbilical area postoperatively are often caused by impaired peristalsis and bowel function. Following abdominal surgery, it is common for peristalsis to be reduced due to surgical manipulation and anesthesia effects. This reduction in peristalsis can lead to the accumulation of gas in the intestines, resulting in gas pains. Infection at the surgical site (Choice B) would present with localized signs of infection such as redness, swelling, warmth, and drainage, rather than diffuse gas pains. Fluid overload (Choice C) would manifest with symptoms such as edema, increased blood pressure, and respiratory distress, not gas pains. Inadequate pain management (Choice D) may lead to increased discomfort, but it is not the primary cause of gas pains in the periumbilical area following a small bowel resection.

2. When parents call the emergency room to report that a toddler has swallowed drain cleaner, the nurse instructs them to call for emergency transport to the hospital. While waiting for an ambulance, what substance should the nurse suggest the parents give the child sips of?

• A. Tea
• B. Water
• C. Milk
• D. Soda

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Water. Giving sips of water can help dilute the drain cleaner while waiting for emergency transport, which may help reduce the potential harm caused by the ingestion. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because tea, milk, and soda can interact with the chemicals in the drain cleaner or increase the risk of vomiting, which is not recommended in this situation.

3. When admitting an older adult client who is Hispanic, which of the following cultural considerations should the nurse include when developing the plan of care?

• A. The Hispanic culture views late adulthood as a time of wisdom and experience
• B. The Hispanic culture expects adult children to care for older adult parents
• C. The Hispanic culture identifies the eldest female family member as the decision maker
• D. The Hispanic culture expects individuals to make their own decisions when death is imminent

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In Hispanic culture, there is an expectation that adult children will care for their older parents, emphasizing a strong family support system. This cultural value highlights the importance of filial piety and respect for elders within the family structure. Choice A is incorrect because Hispanic culture generally values late adulthood as a time of wisdom and experience, not a negative time. Choice C is incorrect as Hispanic culture typically involves collective family decision-making rather than assigning decision-making solely to the eldest female member. Choice D is incorrect as Hispanic culture values family support and involvement in end-of-life decisions rather than individual decision-making.

4. When orienting a newly licensed nurse on taking a telephone prescription, which statement indicates understanding of the process?

• A. A second nurse enters the prescription into the client’s medical record.
• B. Another nurse should listen to the phone call.
• C. The provider can clarify the prescription when they sign the health record.
• D. I should omit the 'read back' if this is a one-time prescription.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because a second nurse should verify and enter the prescription into the client’s medical record to ensure accuracy. This step is crucial to prevent errors in transcription and administration. Choice B is incorrect as having another nurse listen to the phone call does not ensure accurate transcription. Choice C is incorrect because the provider clarifying the prescription upon signing the health record does not replace the need for proper documentation. Choice D is incorrect because the 'read back' process is essential for all telephone prescriptions to confirm accuracy and prevent errors in transcription or administration.

5. A healthcare professional is caring for a client who has a prescription for a stool specimen to be sent to the laboratory to be tested for ova and parasites. Which of the following instructions regarding specimen collection should the healthcare professional provide to the assistive personnel?

• A. Collect at least 2 inches of formed stool.
• B. Wear sterile gloves while obtaining the specimen.
• C. Use a culturette for specimen collection.
• D. Record the date and time the stool was collected.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: To ensure accurate testing, a minimum amount of stool is required for specimen collection, typically at least 2 inches of formed stool. This amount provides an adequate sample for testing. Wearing sterile gloves is important for infection control but is not specifically required for stool specimen collection. Using a culturette is not typically necessary for collecting stool specimens. Recording the date and time the stool was collected is essential to ensure timely processing but does not directly impact the collection of the specimen itself.

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