Nursing Elites

1. During an oral cavity assessment of a 6-month-old infant, the parent inquires about which teeth will erupt first. How should the healthcare provider respond?

• A. Incisors
• B. Canines
• C. Upper molars
• D. Lower molars

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Incisors are the teeth that typically erupt first in infants, usually around 6 months of age. These teeth play a crucial role in biting and cutting food. Canines, upper molars, and lower molars are not the primary teeth to erupt in infants. Canines usually erupt after incisors, while molars, whether upper or lower, come in later during the teething process.

2. A parent calls the clinic because their child has ingested a small amount of household bleach. What should the nurse advise?

• A. Administer activated charcoal
• B. Induce vomiting immediately
• C. Call the poison control center
• D. Take the child to the emergency department

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to advise the parent to call the poison control center. When a child ingests household bleach, it is important to seek guidance from professionals who can provide specific and immediate advice on managing the situation. Administering activated charcoal (Choice A) is not recommended for household bleach ingestion. Inducing vomiting immediately (Choice B) can lead to further complications and is not the recommended first response. Taking the child to the emergency department (Choice D) should be done based on the advice received from the poison control center.

3. While performing a visual inspection of a 30-year-old woman in active labor, you can see the umbilical cord at the vaginal opening. After providing high concentration oxygen, you should next

• A. massage the uterus to facilitate delivery of the fetus
• B. relieve pressure from the cord with your gloved fingers
• C. place the mother on her left side and provide rapid transport
• D. elevate the mother's lower extremities and provide immediate transport

Correct answer: B

Rationale: In the scenario described, when the umbilical cord is visible at the vaginal opening, the priority is to relieve pressure from the cord with gloved fingers. This action helps prevent cord compression and ensures continued oxygenation to the fetus, which is crucial for the baby's well-being. Massaging the uterus or elevating the mother's lower extremities is not the correct course of action in this situation and may potentially worsen the condition. Placing the mother on her left side and providing rapid transport is not the immediate step needed to address the visible umbilical cord; relieving pressure from the cord takes precedence to maintain fetal oxygen supply.

4. Which nursing intervention provides the most support to the parents of an infant with an obvious physical anomaly?

• A. Encourage them to express their concerns.
• B. Discourage them from talking about their baby.
• C. Assure them not to worry because the anomaly can be repaired.
• D. Show them postoperative photographs of infants who had a similar anomaly.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Encouraging parents to express their concerns is the most supportive intervention because it allows them to process their emotions and provides them with an opportunity to share their fears, anxieties, and questions. This open communication helps the nurse to offer appropriate support, education, and reassurance. Discouraging parents from talking about their baby (Choice B) can hinder their emotional expression and prevent them from seeking necessary information and support. Assuring parents not to worry (Choice C) may invalidate their feelings and minimize the significance of their concerns. Showing postoperative photographs (Choice D) may not be appropriate at this stage as parents need emotional support and education about the current situation before focusing on postoperative outcomes.

5. A nurse is teaching the parents of a child with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus about blood glucose monitoring. What should the nurse emphasize?

• A. Checking blood glucose levels before meals and at bedtime
• B. Using a lancet device to obtain blood samples
• C. Using urine test strips for monitoring
• D. Recognizing signs of hypoglycemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Checking blood glucose levels before meals and at bedtime is essential for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus. This timing helps in assessing the effectiveness of insulin therapy, making adjustments to insulin doses, and preventing hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Option B is incorrect because it focuses on the method of obtaining blood samples rather than the timing of monitoring. Option C is incorrect as urine test strips are not recommended for accurate blood glucose monitoring in type 1 diabetes. Option D, recognizing signs of hypoglycemia, is important but not the primary emphasis when teaching about blood glucose monitoring.

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