HESI LPN
HESI Fundamentals 2023 Test Bank
1. When admitting an older adult client who is Hispanic, which of the following cultural considerations should the nurse include when developing the plan of care?
- A. The Hispanic culture views late adulthood as a time of wisdom and experience
- B. The Hispanic culture expects adult children to care for older adult parents
- C. The Hispanic culture identifies the eldest female family member as the decision maker
- D. The Hispanic culture expects individuals to make their own decisions when death is imminent
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In Hispanic culture, there is an expectation that adult children will care for their older parents, emphasizing a strong family support system. This cultural value highlights the importance of filial piety and respect for elders within the family structure. Choice A is incorrect because Hispanic culture generally values late adulthood as a time of wisdom and experience, not a negative time. Choice C is incorrect as Hispanic culture typically involves collective family decision-making rather than assigning decision-making solely to the eldest female member. Choice D is incorrect as Hispanic culture values family support and involvement in end-of-life decisions rather than individual decision-making.
2. During an abdominal assessment for an adult client, what is the correct sequence of steps?
- A. Inspect, Auscultate, Percuss, Palpate
- B. Palpate, Percuss, Inspect, Auscultate
- C. Auscultate, Inspect, Percuss, Palpate
- D. Percuss, Palpate, Inspect, Auscultate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct sequence for an abdominal assessment in an adult client is to first Inspect the abdomen for any visible abnormalities, then Auscultate to listen for bowel sounds, followed by Percussion to assess for organ size and presence of fluid or masses, and finally Palpation to feel for tenderness, masses, or organ enlargement. Choice A, 'Inspect, Auscultate, Percuss, Palpate,' is the correct sequence for an abdominal assessment. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not follow the recommended sequence of assessment. Palpation should be the last step as it can potentially alter bowel sounds and percussion findings if done before. This deviation can lead to missing important findings or inaccurate assessment results.
3. The nurse is caring for a client with a tracheostomy who is unable to clear secretions by coughing. What is the most appropriate action for the nurse to take?
- A. Encourage the client to take deep breaths.
- B. Provide humidified oxygen via tracheostomy collar.
- C. Suction the tracheostomy tube as needed.
- D. Change the tracheostomy dressing daily.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Suctioning the tracheostomy tube as needed is the most appropriate action in this scenario. When a client with a tracheostomy is unable to clear secretions by coughing, suctioning helps remove the excess secretions from the airway, ensuring proper breathing. Encouraging deep breaths (Choice A) may not effectively address the immediate need to clear secretions. Providing humidified oxygen (Choice B) can help with oxygenation but does not directly address the issue of clearing secretions. Changing the tracheostomy dressing daily (Choice D) is important for maintaining cleanliness but is not the priority when the client is unable to clear secretions.
4. A nurse is caring for a client who reports a pain level of 5 on a scale from 0-10. The client informs the nurse that pain medication is not an option for managing pain. Which of the following is an appropriate response by the nurse?
- A. I'm sure it will work if you just give it a chance.
- B. You may take any herbal remedies you bring from home.
- C. Why do you think pain medication is not going to help you?
- D. Would you like me to give you a back massage?
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In this scenario, the client has expressed that pain medication is not an option for managing pain. Offering alternative pain relief options like a back massage is appropriate because it respects the client's preferences and provides a non-pharmacological intervention to help alleviate pain. Choices A, B, and C are not as suitable: A may come across as dismissive of the client's decision, B may not be safe as herbal remedies can interact with medical treatments, and C focuses more on questioning the client's decision rather than providing immediate comfort.
5. A middle-aged adult in a clinical setting mentions being at average risk for colon cancer and asks about routine screening. What should the nurse recommend?
- A. Performing a blood sample for a screening test.
- B. Scheduling a colonoscopy starting at age 60.
- C. Undergoing a fecal occult blood test annually.
- D. Having a sigmoidoscopy every 10 years.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Colorectal cancer screening for individuals at average risk typically begins at age 50. One of the recommended options for routine screening is a fecal occult blood test done annually. Choice A is incorrect as blood samples are not used for routine colorectal cancer screening. Choice B is incorrect because colonoscopies usually start at age 50, not 60. Choice D is incorrect as sigmoidoscopies are recommended every 5 years, not every 10 years, for individuals at average risk for colon cancer.
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