which patient is at greatest risk for papilledema

HESI LPN

Leadership and Management HESI Test Bank

1. Which patient is at greatest risk for papilledema?

A. An elderly patient with cataracts and macular degeneration
B. A male patient with hypothyroidism
C. A male patient with hyperthyroidism
D. An adolescent with a closed head injury

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An adolescent with a closed head injury is at the highest risk for papilledema due to increased intracranial pressure. Papilledema is often a consequence of elevated intracranial pressure, which can occur in conditions like head trauma. Choices A, B, and C do not directly correlate with an increased risk of papilledema compared to a closed head injury, which is more likely to lead to elevated intracranial pressure and subsequent papilledema.

2. When reinforcing teaching and instructing the patient, which basic principle of teaching should you follow?

A. Sequence the instruction from the least complex to the most complex.
B. Assume that the patient knows little or nothing about the topic.
C. Tell the patient to call their significant other so you can instruct them.
D. Use medically oriented terms so the patient will be able to speak with the doctor.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct principle of teaching to follow when reinforcing teaching and instructing the patient is to sequence the instruction from the least complex to the most complex. This approach facilitates learning by building upon simpler concepts before moving to more advanced ones. Choice B is incorrect because assuming the patient knows little or nothing about the topic may not always be accurate and can be patronizing. Choice C is incorrect as it does not focus on the direct teaching approach to the patient. Choice D is incorrect as using medically oriented terms may confuse the patient rather than facilitate understanding.

3. Which statement about adjuvant medications is true and accurate?

A. Licensed practical nurses can administer adjuvant medications.
B. Adjuvant medications are schedule 2 narcotics.
C. Adjuvant medications are schedule 1 narcotics.
D. Adjuvant medications can be purchased over the counter.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because adjuvant medications are often available over the counter without a prescription. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A is incorrect because licensed practical nurses can administer adjuvant medications depending on their scope of practice. Choices B and C are incorrect because adjuvant medications are not classified as schedule 1 or schedule 2 narcotics.

4. What does the mnemonic device ABCDE stand for?

A. Allergy, bleeding, chemicals, dietary, environment
B. Allergy, bleeding, cardio, diabetes, endocrine
C. Allergy, bleeding, cardio, digestive, endocrine
D. Allergy, bleeding, cortisone, diabetes, emboli

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: 'Allergy, bleeding, cortisone, diabetes, emboli.' The ABCDE mnemonic is used in healthcare to help remember key assessment points. Choice A is incorrect as 'chemicals' and 'dietary' are not part of the ABCDE assessment. Choice B is incorrect as 'cardio' is not part of the ABCDE mnemonic. Choice C is incorrect as 'cardio' and 'digestive' are not part of the ABCDE mnemonic.

5. A nurse in a prenatal clinic is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following clients should the nurse recommend for further evaluation and possible intervention?

A. A client who is at 28 weeks gestation and has a negative Coombs titer
B. A client who is 39 weeks of gestation and has a negative contraction stress test
C. A client who is at 35 weeks of gestation and has a biophysical profile of 6
D. A client who is at 37 weeks of gestation and has an L/S ratio of 2:1

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A biophysical profile of 6 at 35 weeks of gestation indicates a need for further evaluation and possible intervention. A negative Coombs titer at 28 weeks gestation (Choice A) is within normal limits. A negative contraction stress test at 39 weeks gestation (Choice B) is expected as the pregnancy nears term. An L/S ratio of 2:1 at 37 weeks of gestation (Choice D) is consistent with fetal lung maturity.