Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following macromolecules will always contain nitrogen?

• A. Fatty acids
• B. Proteins
• C. Lipids
• D. Carbohydrates

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Proteins. Proteins are the only macromolecules that always contain nitrogen in their amino acid structure. Nitrogen is a key element found in the amino groups of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. Fatty acids (Choice A), lipids (Choice C), and carbohydrates (Choice D) do not always contain nitrogen in their structure. Fatty acids are composed of long hydrocarbon chains and do not contain nitrogen. Lipids consist mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, with some classes of lipids containing phosphorus but not nitrogen. Carbohydrates are made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, forming structures like sugars and starches, but they do not contain nitrogen.

2. What is the term for a group of organisms living in the same place and interacting with each other?

• A. Ecosystem
• B. Community
• C. Population
• D. Niche

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - A) Ecosystem refers to a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. - B) Community specifically refers to a group of organisms of different species living in the same place and interacting with each other. - C) Population refers to a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area. - D) Niche refers to the role or function of an organism or species within an ecosystem. In this context, the term for a group of organisms living in the same place and interacting with each other is best described as a community because it involves multiple species interacting within a shared habitat.

3. How many moles of water are produced when 0.5 moles of methane (CH4) react with excess oxygen?

• A. 0.5 moles
• B. 1 mole
• C. 2 moles
• D. 3 moles

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The balanced chemical equation for the combustion of methane is: CH4 + 2O2 -> CO2 + 2H2O. This equation shows that 1 mole of methane produces 2 moles of water. Therefore, when 0.5 moles of methane react, they will produce 1 mole of water. The ratio of water to methane is 2:1, meaning that for every mole of methane that reacts, it produces 2 moles of water. Since only 0.5 moles of methane are reacting, the amount of water produced will be half of what would be produced if 1 mole of methane reacted, resulting in 1 mole of water being produced. Choice A is incorrect because it does not consider the stoichiometry of the reaction. Choices C and D are incorrect as they do not align with the balanced chemical equation and the stoichiometric ratios involved in the reaction.

4. What is a monohybrid cross, and what is the ratio of dominant to recessive gene manifestation?

• A. A cross involving two traits, 9:3:3:1
• B. A cross involving one trait, 3:1
• C. A cross involving two traits, 1:2:1
• D. A cross involving one trait, 1:1

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross involving one trait. The ratio of dominant to recessive gene manifestation in the offspring is typically 3:1 when both parents are heterozygous. This ratio is the genotypic ratio, not just the phenotype ratio, where the dominant allele is present in 3 out of 4 offspring, and the recessive allele is present in 1 out of 4 offspring. Choice A is incorrect because it describes a dihybrid cross ratio. Choice C is incorrect as it represents the genotypic ratio for a monohybrid cross involving incomplete dominance. Choice D is incorrect as it does not reflect the typical ratio for a monohybrid cross.

5. Which term describes the quantity of matter in an object and is measured in kilograms or grams?

• A. Weight
• B. Mass
• C. Volume
• D. Density

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Mass is the quantity of matter in an object and is commonly measured in kilograms or grams. It is a fundamental property of matter and remains constant regardless of the object's location. Weight, in contrast, refers to the force of gravity acting on an object and is measured in newtons. Volume represents the amount of space an object occupies and is typically measured in cubic units like cubic meters or cubic centimeters. Density, on the other hand, is the mass of an object per unit volume, and its unit is, for example, kilograms per cubic meter. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Mass' as it specifically describes the quantity of matter in an object, regardless of the gravitational pull on it. 'Weight,' 'Volume,' and 'Density' do not directly represent the quantity of matter in an object but rather different properties related to it.

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