Nursing Elites

1. What are the three main types of RNA?

• A. Messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)
• B. DNA, RNA, and protein
• C. Adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine
• D. Deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate

Correct answer: A

Rationale: - Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm for protein synthesis. - Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a structural component of ribosomes, which are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. - Transfer RNA (tRNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis. Options B, C, and D are incorrect: - Option B lists DNA, RNA, and protein, which are biomolecules but not the three main types of RNA. - Option C lists nitrogenous bases (adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine) found in DNA, not types of RNA. - Option D lists components of nucleotides (deoxyribose, ribose, and phosphate), which are building blocks of nucleic

2. What unit is used for measuring luminous flux, which indicates the perceived brightness of a light source by the human eye?

• A. Candela
• B. Lumen
• C. Lux
• D. Hertz

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Lumen is the correct unit for measuring luminous flux, which quantifies the total visible light emitted by a source per unit of time. Candela measures luminous intensity, lux measures illuminance, and Hertz measures frequency. Therefore, in the context of measuring the perceived brightness of a light source by the human eye, luminous flux is quantified in lumens.

3. Which class of hormones is most likely to be released after a serious injury?

• A. Acetylcholine
• B. Oxytocin
• C. Luteinizing hormone
• D. Endorphins

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Endorphins are the class of hormones most likely to be released after a serious injury. Endorphins are the body's natural pain relievers and are produced in response to stress or pain, helping to alleviate discomfort and promote a sense of well-being. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter, not a hormone. Oxytocin is mainly involved in childbirth and lactation. Luteinizing hormone is involved in reproductive functions such as ovulation. Therefore, choices A, B, and C are incorrect in the context of a hormone release following a serious injury.

4. Which of the following pathologies is caused by a virus?

• A. Asthma
• B. Cystic Fibrosis
• C. Epiglottitis
• D. Influenza

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Influenza. Influenza is a viral infection caused by the influenza virus. Asthma and cystic fibrosis are not caused by viruses. Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition related to inflammation and airway constriction, while cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and other organs. Epiglottitis is most commonly caused by bacteria, particularly Haemophilus influenzae type B, rather than a virus.

5. Which of the following is NOT a type of antibody?

• A. IgA
• B. IgM
• C. Interferon
• D. IgG

Correct answer: C

Rationale: A) IgA: This is a type of antibody found in mucosal areas such as the gut, respiratory tract, and genitourinary tract. It plays a role in mucosal immunity. B) IgM: This is a type of antibody produced during the primary immune response and is the first antibody to be produced in response to an infection. C) Interferon: Interferons are signaling proteins produced by cells in response to viral infections. They play a role in the immune response by interfering with viral replication, but they are not antibodies. D) IgG: This is the most abundant type of antibody in the bloodstream and is involved in long-term immunity. Therefore, the correct answer is C) Interferon, as it is not a type of antibody.

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