which of the following is true of hypotheses of the form all x are y

ATI TEAS 7

Practice TEAS Test Reading

1. Which of the following is true of hypotheses of the form 'All x are y'?

A. Something that is neither x nor y disproves the hypothesis.
B. Something that is both x and y disproves the hypothesis.
C. Something that is x but not y disproves the hypothesis.
D. Something that is y but not x disproves the hypothesis.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: In hypotheses of the form 'All x are y,' the hypothesis is making a claim that all instances of x also fall under y. Therefore, if something is y but not x, it disproves the hypothesis because it contradicts the assertion that all x are y. Choice A is incorrect because something that is neither x nor y doesn't provide evidence against the hypothesis. Choice B is incorrect because if something is both x and y, it actually supports the hypothesis. Choice C is incorrect as something that is x but not y doesn't disprove the hypothesis, as it could still be consistent with the claim that all x are y.

2. The Morgan family lives at 5487 South Elm Street. On which day of the week will they be able to water their lawn?

A. Tuesday
B. Wednesday
C. Thursday
D. Saturday

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Based on the provided water schedule for addresses in the town of Audley, odd-numbered addresses ending in 7 and 3, like 5487 South Elm Street, are allowed to water their lawns on Thursdays. Therefore, the Morgan family will be able to water their lawn on Thursday. Choice A (Tuesday), Choice B (Wednesday), and Choice D (Saturday) are incorrect as they do not align with the watering schedule for odd-numbered addresses as per the town's guidelines.

3. Which of the following lists the author’s actions in the correct sequence?

A. The author looked at the house on Forest Road, then at a house with a yard that was too small, then at two houses that were too small, and then finally at a house that was too expensive.
B. The author looked at the house on Forest Road, then at two houses that were too small, then at a house with a yard that was too small, and then finally at a house that was too expensive.
C. The author looked at two homes with yards that were too small, then a house with only one bathroom, then a house that was too expensive, and then finally the house on Forest Road.
D. The author looked at two homes that were too small, then a house with a yard that was too small, then a house that was too expensive, and then finally at the house on Forest Road.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct sequence of the author's actions based on the extract is as follows: the author looked at the house on Forest Road first, then two houses that were too small, followed by a house with a yard that was too small, and finally a house that was too expensive. Therefore, choice B correctly lists the author's actions in the given sequence. Choice A is incorrect as it reverses the order of the second and third houses visited. Choice C is incorrect as it includes a house with only one bathroom, which was not mentioned in the extract. Choice D is incorrect as it places the house on Forest Road last, whereas it was actually the first house visited.

4. Which of the following is a logical conclusion based on the information provided within the passage?

A. Like Elizabeth I, Charles II never married and thus never had children.
B. The English people were relieved each time James II's wife Mary lost another child, as this reduced the chance of a Catholic monarch.
C. Charles I's beheading had less to do with religion than with other political problems that England was facing.
D. Unlike his son and grandsons, King James I had no Catholic leaning and was a faithful follower of the Protestant Church of England.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The passage indicates that Charles I's beheading had less to do with religion than with other political problems that England was facing. The author specifically states, 'Charles's own political that religion was less involved in this situation than in other situations.' This information supports the logical conclusion that the reasons for Charles I's beheading were more related to political issues rather than religious factors. Choice A is incorrect as the passage does not mention Charles II never marrying or having children. Choice B is incorrect as the passage focuses on the concerns regarding the Catholic succession, not the relief of losing children. Choice D is incorrect as the passage mainly discusses James II's Catholic leaning and the events related to the Catholic succession, but does not provide specific information about King James I's religious beliefs.

5. Using the same reasoning as that in the passage, an automobile with eighteen wheels does what to the following hypothesis: 'All automobiles have only four wheels'?

A. It proves the hypothesis.
B. It raises the hypothesis's probability.
C. It disproves the hypothesis.
D. It decreases the hypothesis's probability.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: An automobile with eighteen wheels contradicts the hypothesis that 'All automobiles have only four wheels.' This contradiction reduces the probability that the hypothesis is true. The hypothesis is not proven by the presence of an eighteen-wheel automobile, nor does it raise the probability of the hypothesis being true. Instead, it directly challenges the hypothesis, leading to a decrease in its probability of being correct.