Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following properties is characteristic of water?

• A. Water has a neutral pH.
• B. Water has a low specific heat capacity.
• C. Water has polar covalent bonds.
• D. Water can dissolve almost any solid, liquid, or gas.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because water's polarity enables it to dissolve a wide variety of substances, making it a versatile solvent. This property is due to water's ability to form hydrogen bonds with other molecules, allowing it to break them apart and surround the solute particles, facilitating dissolution. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as water having a neutral pH, a high specific heat capacity, and polar covalent bonds are also true properties of water. However, the most relevant property related to its versatility as a solvent is its dissolving capability.

2. What are the three main types of muscle tissue in the human body?

• A. Smooth, cardiac, and voluntary skeletal
• B. Smooth, skeletal, and involuntary cardiac
• C. Voluntary smooth, cardiac, and skeletal
• D. Striated, non-striated, and epithelial

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The three main types of muscle tissue in the human body are smooth muscle (involuntary), cardiac muscle (involuntary), and voluntary skeletal muscle. Smooth muscle is found in the walls of hollow organs, cardiac muscle is found in the heart, and skeletal muscle is attached to bones and is under voluntary control. Option A correctly identifies these three main types of muscle tissue in the human body. Choice B is incorrect because it lists skeletal muscle as involuntary, which is not accurate. Choice C is incorrect because it lists voluntary smooth muscle, which does not exist as smooth muscle is involuntary. Choice D is incorrect because it uses terms like striated, non-striated, and epithelial, which are not the main types of muscle tissue but rather descriptions related to muscle characteristics and location.

3. What energy transformation occurs when a guitar string vibrates to produce sound?

• A. Mechanical energy to thermal energy
• B. Kinetic energy to potential energy
• C. Electrical energy to sound energy
• D. Potential energy to kinetic energy

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. When a guitar string vibrates to produce sound, the energy transformation that occurs is from potential energy (stored energy in the string when it is stretched) to kinetic energy (energy of motion as the string vibrates back and forth). As the string vibrates, its kinetic energy is transferred to the surrounding air molecules, producing sound energy. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect. Choice A, mechanical energy to thermal energy, does not align with the energy transformation involved in producing sound from a vibrating guitar string. Choice B, kinetic energy to potential energy, is the opposite of what happens when a guitar string vibrates. Choice C, electrical energy to sound energy, is not relevant to the energy conversion process in this scenario.

4. Which of the following equations represents a redox reaction?

• A. 2H2 + O2 → 2H2O
• B. Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl2 + H2
• C. 2NaCl → 2Na + Cl2
• D. CH4 + 2O2 → CO2 + 2H2O

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A redox reaction involves the transfer of electrons between reactants. In option B, Zn loses electrons to form Zn2+ while H+ gains electrons to form H2. This exchange of electrons demonstrates a redox reaction, making choice B the correct answer. In options A, C, and D, there is no clear transfer of electrons between the reactants, indicating that they are not redox reactions. Option A represents a synthesis reaction, option C represents a decomposition reaction, and option D represents a combustion reaction. These types of reactions do not involve the transfer of electrons between reactants, unlike a redox reaction.

5. How are mass and inertia related?

• A. Mass is a measure of inertia
• B. Mass has no relationship with inertia
• C. Inertia is a measure of weight
• D. Inertia increases with decreasing mass

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Mass is a measure of inertia. Inertia is the resistance of an object to changes in its state of motion, and mass quantifies this resistance. Objects with more mass have greater inertia, meaning they are more resistant to changes in their motion. Therefore, mass and inertia are directly related, with mass being a fundamental factor that determines the level of inertia an object possesses. Choice B is incorrect because mass and inertia are indeed related. Choice C is incorrect as inertia is not a measure of weight but rather a property related to an object's mass. Choice D is incorrect because inertia actually increases with increasing mass, not decreasing mass.

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