Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following hormones helps regulate blood pressure by affecting kidney function?

• A. Insulin
• B. Testosterone
• C. Renin
• D. Estrogen

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Renin is the hormone that helps regulate blood pressure by affecting kidney function. It is released by the kidneys in response to low blood pressure or low blood volume. Renin plays a crucial role in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, which is responsible for regulating blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. Insulin, testosterone, and estrogen do not directly impact blood pressure regulation through kidney function. Insulin is involved in regulating glucose metabolism, testosterone is a male sex hormone, and estrogen is a female sex hormone. Therefore, the correct answer is Renin (Choice C) because of its specific role in blood pressure regulation through kidney function.

2. What is the term for the division of the cytoplasm?

• A. Cytokinesis
• B. Mitosis
• C. Meiosis
• D. Apoptosis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Cytokinesis is the correct term for the division of the cytoplasm during cell division. It is the final stage of cell division, following either mitosis or meiosis, where the cytoplasm of a parent cell is divided into two daughter cells. Mitosis is the process of nuclear division, while meiosis is a type of cell division that results in four daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Apoptosis, on the other hand, is programmed cell death and not the division of the cytoplasm.

3. What is the primary function of the strong nuclear force?

• A. Binding electrons in atomic orbitals
• B. Binding protons and neutrons within the nucleus
• C. Mediating the attractive force between opposite charges
• D. Mediating the repulsive force between like charges

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The strong nuclear force primarily functions to bind protons and neutrons within the nucleus. It is responsible for overcoming the electrostatic repulsion between positively charged protons, holding the nucleus together. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the strong nuclear force specifically acts on nucleons (protons and neutrons) within the nucleus, not on electrons in atomic orbitals or charges outside the nucleus.

4. What is the term for the inflammation of the airways in the lungs, often causing wheezing and difficulty breathing?

• A. Pneumonia
• B. Emphysema
• C. Asthma
• D. Pleurisy

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition characterized by inflammation of the airways in the lungs, leading to symptoms such as wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing. Pneumonia is an infection in the lungs caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to symptoms like fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) characterized by damage to the air sacs in the lungs, resulting in shortness of breath and a chronic cough. Pleurisy, on the other hand, is inflammation of the lining around the lungs, causing chest pain that worsens with breathing or coughing. Therefore, the correct term for the inflammation of the airways in the lungs with symptoms of wheezing and difficulty breathing is Asthma.

5. What is the largest bone in the human body?

• A. Femur (thigh bone)
• B. Tibia (shin bone)
• C. Humerus (upper arm bone)
• D. Scapula (shoulder blade)

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The femur, also known as the thigh bone, holds the title of the largest bone in the human body. Situated in the upper leg, the femur plays a vital role in supporting the body's weight and enabling movement. While the tibia (shin bone), humerus (upper arm bone), and scapula (shoulder blade) are all essential bones, none of them match the femur in terms of size and importance. The tibia, humerus, and scapula are comparatively smaller bones with specific functions in their respective areas of the body, but they do not surpass the femur in size or significance.

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