Nursing Elites

1. What is the formula to calculate kinetic energy?

• A. Kinetic Energy = Mass × Velocity
• B. Kinetic Energy = Force × Distance
• C. Kinetic Energy = Power × Time
• D. Kinetic Energy = Potential Energy ÷ Time

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion. The formula to calculate kinetic energy is KE = 0.5 × mass × velocity^2, which can also be written as KE = mass × (velocity)^2. Therefore, the correct formula is Kinetic Energy = Mass × Velocity. Choice B is incorrect because it represents the work formula. Choice C is incorrect as it represents the formula for work done. Choice D is incorrect as it does not accurately represent the formula for calculating kinetic energy.

2. Which type of orbital can hold a maximum of 10 electrons?

• A. s orbital
• B. p orbital
• C. d orbital
• D. f orbital

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is the f orbital. Each f orbital can hold up to 2 electrons. Since there are 5 f orbitals, the total maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in f orbitals is 10 (2 electrons per orbital x 5 orbitals = 10 electrons). Therefore, the f orbital can hold a maximum of 10 electrons. Choice A, s orbital, is incorrect because it can hold a maximum of 2 electrons. Choice B, p orbital, is incorrect because it can hold a maximum of 6 electrons (3 orbitals x 2 electrons per orbital = 6 electrons). Choice C, d orbital, is incorrect as it can hold a maximum of 10 electrons (5 orbitals x 2 electrons per orbital = 10 electrons), but the question asks for the type of orbital that can hold a maximum of 10 electrons, not the total number of electrons in d orbitals.

3. Differentiate between genotype and phenotype in the context of gene expression.

• A. Genotype refers to the physical manifestation of a trait, while phenotype represents its underlying genetic makeup.
• B. Genotype encompasses the spectrum of possible traits encoded by an organism's genes, while phenotype signifies the specific trait observed.
• C. Genotype denotes the presence of dominant alleles, while phenotype reflects the influence of recessive alleles.
• D. There is no distinction; both terms are interchangeable.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, including all the genes and alleles it possesses. - Phenotype, on the other hand, refers to the observable physical characteristics or traits of an organism, which result from the interaction between its genotype and the environment. - While genotype represents the genetic potential or range of traits that an organism can express, phenotype reflects the actual expression of specific traits. - Therefore, option B correctly captures the distinction between genotype and phenotype in the context of gene expression.

4. What type of lens is thinner at the center than at the edges and causes light rays to diverge?

• A. Convex lens
• B. Concave lens
• C. Diverging lens
• D. Plano-convex lens

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A concave lens is thinner at the center than at the edges, causing light rays to diverge when passing through it. This type of lens is also known as a diverging lens because it causes light rays to spread out. Concave lenses are used in various optical devices to correct vision problems and in scientific instruments to diverge light rays for specific purposes. The other choices are incorrect. A convex lens is thicker at the center and converges light rays, while a plano-convex lens has one flat surface and one convex surface, converging light. Diverging lens is a general term that can refer to concave or plano-concave lenses, but in this context, the specific type being referred to is a concave lens.

5. What is the building block of DNA?

• A. Amino acid
• B. Nucleotide
• C. Phosphate group
• D. Fatty acid

Correct answer: B

Rationale: - Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, not DNA. - Nucleotide is the correct building block of DNA. A nucleotide consists of a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, or guanine). - The option 'C) Phosphate group' is incorrect as it is only part of a nucleotide, not the complete building block of DNA. - Fatty acids are not the building blocks of DNA; they are a type of lipid molecule.

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