ATI TEAS 7
TEAS Test 7 science
1. What does the concept of punctuated equilibrium suggest?
- A. Evolution occurs gradually through the continuous accumulation of small changes over long periods.
- B. Evolution is characterized by long periods of relative stasis punctuated by rapid bursts of evolutionary change.
- C. The fossil record is a complete and accurate representation of all past life forms.
- D. Natural selection primarily favors extreme phenotypes within a population.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Punctuated equilibrium suggests that evolution is characterized by long periods of relative stasis punctuated by rapid bursts of evolutionary change. This concept, proposed by Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge, implies that species remain relatively unchanged for extended periods, followed by sudden bursts of rapid evolution. Option A describes the gradualism model, which is different from punctuated equilibrium. Option C is inaccurate as the fossil record is incomplete and biased. Option D is unrelated to the concept of punctuated equilibrium.
2. Which of the following statements is FALSE?
- A. An organelle is a specialized structure in a cell, such as a ribosome.
- B. An organ is made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions.
- C. Organ systems are two or more organs performing similar functions.
- D. A tissue contains a variety of cells that work together to perform a specific function.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The statement provided in Option B is FALSE. Organs are actually made up of different types of tissues that work together to perform specific functions, rather than being composed of similar tissues. Organs consist of various tissues, each with their own specialized functions that collectively contribute to the overall function of the organ. Options A, C, and D are true statements. Option A correctly defines an organelle as a specialized structure in a cell, like a ribosome. Option C accurately describes organ systems as multiple organs working together to perform related functions. Option D correctly explains that a tissue is composed of different cells working together to carry out a specific function.
3. What is the difference between DNA and RNA?
- A. Both are double-stranded.
- B. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.
- C. RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil, while DNA contains thymine.
- D. Both are identical molecules.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A) Incorrect. DNA is double-stranded, but RNA is typically single-stranded. B) Correct. DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, which lacks an oxygen atom on the 2' carbon of the sugar ring, while RNA contains ribose sugar, which has an additional hydroxyl group on the 2' carbon. C) Incorrect. RNA contains the nitrogenous base uracil, while DNA contains thymine. D) Incorrect. DNA and RNA have distinct structures and functions, so they are not identical molecules.
4. The number of protons in an atom determines its:
- A. Mass number
- B. Atomic number
- C. Atomic weight
- D. Valence electron count
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The number of protons in an atom is known as the atomic number. The atomic number uniquely identifies an element and determines its position on the periodic table. It is a fundamental property of an element and directly influences its chemical behavior and interactions. The mass number, on the other hand, is the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom, not just protons. Atomic weight is the average mass of an element's isotopes considering their relative abundance, not solely based on the number of protons. Valence electron count refers to the number of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom, influencing its ability to form bonds and participate in chemical reactions, but it is not determined by the number of protons in the atom.
5. Which structure in the respiratory system is responsible for voice production?
- A. Pharynx
- B. Larynx
- C. Trachea
- D. Bronchi
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is the larynx. The larynx, commonly referred to as the voice box, is responsible for voice production in the respiratory system. It contains vocal cords that vibrate to produce sound. The pharynx is a passage for food and air, the trachea is a tubular structure that carries air to and from the lungs, and the bronchi are the main airway passages in the lungs. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not play a direct role in voice production.
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