which of the following are true about the dependent variable

ATI TEAS 7

ATI TEAS Practice Test Science

1. Which of the following statements is true about the dependent variable?

A. A factor that remains constant during the experiment
B. A factor with data typically plotted on the x-axis
C. A factor that is measured during an experiment
D. A factor with data typically plotted on the y-axis

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. The dependent variable is the factor that is being measured or observed in an experiment. It is the outcome that is affected by changes in the independent variable. In graphical representations, the dependent variable is usually plotted on the y-axis, not the x-axis. Choice A is incorrect because a factor that remains constant is referred to as a constant, not a dependent variable. Choice B is incorrect as the independent variable's data is typically plotted on the x-axis. Choice D is incorrect because the dependent variable's data is usually plotted on the y-axis. Therefore, choice C accurately describes the dependent variable.

2. What is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate called?

A. Glycolysis
B. Gluconeogenesis
C. Krebs cycle
D. Oxidative phosphorylation

Correct answer: A

Rationale: A) Glycolysis is the process of breaking down glucose into pyruvate. This occurs in the cytoplasm of cells and is the first step in cellular respiration. B) Gluconeogenesis is the process of synthesizing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources, such as amino acids or glycerol, and is the opposite of glycolysis. C) The Krebs cycle, also known as the citric acid cycle, is a series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria and is involved in the oxidation of acetyl-CoA to produce ATP and other energy carriers. D) Oxidative phosphorylation is the final stage of cellular respiration where ATP is produced through the transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain.

3. Which of the following joints is an example of a hinge joint?

A. Hip joint
B. Elbow joint
C. Shoulder joint
D. Knee joint

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Elbow joint. A hinge joint allows movement primarily in one plane, enabling bending and straightening actions. The elbow joint specifically functions as a hinge joint, facilitating the bending and straightening of the arm. The other options, such as the hip joint (A), shoulder joint (C), and knee joint (D), are not examples of hinge joints as they allow movement in multiple planes with more complex motions.

4. What is the primary function of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in gene editing?

A. To amplify specific DNA sequences.
B. To cut DNA at specific locations.
C. To deliver genes into cells.
D. To sequence entire genomes.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a powerful tool used in gene editing to precisely target and cut DNA at specific locations within the genome. This system consists of a guide RNA that directs the Cas9 enzyme to the desired DNA sequence, where it creates a double-strand break. This break can then be repaired by the cell's natural DNA repair mechanisms, allowing for the introduction of specific genetic modifications. Options A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately describe the primary function of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in gene editing. Amplifying DNA sequences, delivering genes into cells, and sequencing entire genomes are not the main functions of the CRISPR-Cas9 system, which is primarily focused on precise DNA cutting for targeted genetic modifications.

5. What is the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after maximum inhalation?

A. Tidal volume
B. Total lung capacity
C. Ventilation rate
D. Vital capacity

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, Vital capacity. Vital capacity represents the maximum volume of air that can be expelled from the lungs after a maximum inhalation. Tidal volume (Choice A) is the volume of air inspired or expired during normal breathing at rest and is not the maximum capacity. Total lung capacity (Choice B) refers to the maximum volume of air the lungs can accommodate including the residual volume, not just the expelled air. Ventilation rate (Choice C) is the rate at which air is moved in and out of the lungs, not the maximum volume of air that can be expelled.