Nursing Elites

1. Which statement about white blood cells is true?

• A. B cells are responsible for antibody production.
• B. White blood cells are produced in the bone marrow before entering the bloodstream.
• C. Platelets, a specialized class of blood cells, function to clot blood and stop bleeding.
• D. The majority of white blood cells are active throughout life, providing immunity across all age groups.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: B cells, a type of white blood cell, are responsible for producing antibodies in response to pathogens. Antibodies play a crucial role in identifying and neutralizing foreign substances like bacteria and viruses in the body, aiding in the immune response and protecting against infections. This function is essential for maintaining a healthy immune system. White blood cells, including B cells, are produced in the bone marrow before entering the bloodstream. Platelets, not white blood cells, are a specialized class of blood cells that function to clot blood and stop bleeding. While white blood cells provide immunity, not all of them are active throughout life as some have specific lifespans and functions.

2. Where does sperm maturation take place in the male reproductive system?

• A. Seminal vesicles
• B. Prostate gland
• C. Epididymis
• D. Vas Deferens

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Sperm maturation occurs in the epididymis, a coiled tube located on the back of each testicle. In the epididymis, sperm gain motility and the ability to fertilize an egg. It serves as a storage site for mature sperm until ejaculation. The seminal vesicles and the prostate gland contribute fluids to semen, enhancing sperm viability and motility. The vas deferens is responsible for transporting mature sperm from the epididymis to the urethra during ejaculation, but it is not where sperm maturation takes place. Therefore, the correct answer is the epididymis.

3. What causes dandruff?

• A. Excessive sebum production (This can contribute to oily dandruff)
• B. Bacterial infection (This can cause scalp folliculitis, not dandruff)
• C. Overgrowth of a specific type of fungus on the scalp
• D. Lack of proper skin hydration

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Dandruff is primarily caused by an overgrowth of a specific type of fungus called Malassezia on the scalp. This fungus feeds on the natural oils produced by the hair follicles, leading to irritation and flaking of the scalp skin. Choice A is incorrect because excessive sebum production can contribute to oily dandruff, but it is not the primary cause of dandruff. Choice B is incorrect as bacterial infection primarily causes scalp folliculitis, not dandruff. Choice D is incorrect as dandruff is not primarily caused by a lack of proper skin hydration.

4. Which of the following best defines the anatomical term medial?

• A. Being face down
• B. On the front of the body or limb
• C. Near to the midline of the body
• D. Above or on top of the lungs

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct definition of the anatomical term 'medial' is being close or near to the midline of the body. This term describes a position closer to the center or midline of the body, opposite to 'lateral' which refers to a position further away from the midline. Choice A, 'Being face down,' is incorrect as it describes the anatomical term 'prone.' Choice B, 'On the front of the body or limb,' is incorrect as it describes the anatomical term 'anterior.' Choice D, 'Above or on top of the lungs,' is incorrect as it does not relate to the term 'medial.'

5. Muscles that work together to produce a specific movement are called

• A. Antagonistic muscles
• B. Agonistic muscles
• C. Synergistic muscles
• D. Flexors and extensors

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Synergistic muscles are groups of muscles that work together in a coordinated manner to produce a specific movement. They synchronize their actions to achieve a common goal efficiently. In contrast, antagonistic muscles work in opposing directions, and agonistic muscles, also known as prime movers, are responsible for initiating a movement. Flexors and extensors represent muscles that perform contrasting actions around a joint, such as bending and straightening. Therefore, the correct answer is C - 'Synergistic muscles,' as they collaborate to facilitate a specific movement, unlike the other choices which describe different muscle functions within the body.

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