Nursing Elites

1. What is the primary function of the liver related to digestion?

• A. Produces bile
• B. Stores bile
• C. Converts waste ammonia into urea
• D. Filters and detoxifies digestion byproducts

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The primary function of the liver related to digestion is to filter and detoxify byproducts of digestion, including toxins and metabolic waste products. While the liver does produce bile and convert waste ammonia into urea, these functions are not directly related to digestion. Storing bile is mainly done by the gallbladder, not the liver.

2. What type of lens is thinner at the center than at the edges and causes light rays to diverge?

• A. Convex lens
• B. Concave lens
• C. Diverging lens
• D. Plano-convex lens

Correct answer: B

Rationale: A concave lens is thinner at the center than at the edges, causing light rays to diverge when passing through it. This type of lens is also known as a diverging lens because it causes light rays to spread out. Concave lenses are used in various optical devices to correct vision problems and in scientific instruments to diverge light rays for specific purposes. The other choices are incorrect. A convex lens is thicker at the center and converges light rays, while a plano-convex lens has one flat surface and one convex surface, converging light. Diverging lens is a general term that can refer to concave or plano-concave lenses, but in this context, the specific type being referred to is a concave lens.

3. The Human Genome Project is a worldwide research project launched in 1990 to map the entire human genome. Although the Project was faced with the monumental challenge of analyzing tons of data, its objective was completed in 2003, two years ahead of its deadline. Which of the following inventions likely had the greatest impact on this project?

• A. The sonogram
• B. X-ray diffraction
• C. The microprocessor
• D. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The microprocessor, a key component of modern computers, played a crucial role in the success of the Human Genome Project. The ability of microprocessors to process vast amounts of data quickly and efficiently allowed scientists to analyze the massive amounts of genetic information generated by the project. This technological advancement significantly accelerated the pace of genome sequencing and data analysis, ultimately leading to the completion of the project ahead of schedule. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect. The sonogram is used for imaging in medical diagnostics, X-ray diffraction is a technique for studying the structure of materials at the atomic level, and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body. While these inventions have their own importance in various fields, they did not have the same impact on the Human Genome Project as the microprocessor did.

4. Which of the following organs is responsible for producing digestive enzymes?

• A. Liver
• B. Pancreas
• C. Gallbladder
• D. Esophagus

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is the Pancreas. The pancreas is an organ that produces digestive enzymes to aid in the breakdown of food in the small intestine. These enzymes play a crucial role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients from the food we eat. The liver is responsible for producing bile, not digestive enzymes. The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile produced by the liver, which aids in the digestion of fats. The esophagus is a muscular tube that helps in the movement of food from the mouth to the stomach and does not produce digestive enzymes.

5. Which type of tissue connects bones to other bones?

• A. Tendons
• B. Ligaments
• C. Cartilage
• D. Muscle

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Ligaments are the correct answer. Ligaments connect bones to other bones, providing stability in joints. Tendons, on the other hand, connect muscles to bones, allowing movement. Cartilage is a type of connective tissue that cushions joints and helps with smooth movements. Muscle tissue is responsible for generating force and movement in the body, not for connecting bones to each other.

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