Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following arteries are not branches of the facial artery in the cervical portion?

• A. Ascending palatine artery
• B. Glandular artery
• C. Superior labial artery
• D. Tonsillar artery

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the Superior labial artery. It is a branch of the facial artery in the facial portion, not in the cervical portion. The ascending palatine artery, glandular artery, and tonsillar artery are branches of the facial artery in the cervical portion. The ascending palatine artery supplies the palate, the glandular artery provides blood to the salivary glands, and the tonsillar artery is responsible for supplying blood to the tonsils. These arteries play a crucial role in the vascular supply of the head and neck region, aiding in various physiological functions.

2. Which term refers to a position toward the feet? For example, the foot is part of the inferior extremity.

• A. Anterior
• B. Posterior
• C. Superior
• D. Inferior

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is 'Inferior.' 'Inferior' refers to a position located towards the feet or lower part of the body. This is the opposite of 'superior,' which indicates a position towards the head or upper part of the body. 'Anterior' refers to the front of the body, 'posterior' refers to the back of the body, making them incorrect choices in this context.

3. What is the recommended daily fiber intake for adults?

• A. 10 grams
• B. 25 grams
• C. 35 grams
• D. 50 grams

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The recommended daily fiber intake for adults is around 25 grams for women and 38 grams for men. Fiber is essential for maintaining a healthy digestive system, preventing constipation, and reducing the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and diabetes. Consuming an adequate amount of fiber can also help with weight management and promote overall well-being. Option B is the correct answer based on the recommended daily intake guidelines for adults. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with the established guidelines for fiber intake in adults. 10 grams (choice A) is too low, 35 grams (choice C) is higher than the general recommendation, and 50 grams (choice D) is significantly above the recommended intake, which may lead to digestive issues in some individuals.

4. What is the process by which muscle tissue wastes away due to disuse or lack of nutrients?

• A. Hypertrophy
• B. Atrophy
• C. Fibrosis
• D. Rigor mortis

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Atrophy is the correct term for the process by which muscle tissue wastes away due to disuse or lack of nutrients. It is essential to differentiate atrophy from hypertrophy, which is the increase in muscle size due to exercise or strength training. Fibrosis involves the formation of excess fibrous connective tissue, which is distinct from muscle wasting. Rigor mortis, on the other hand, is the stiffening of muscles that occurs after death and is not related to muscle wasting during life.

5. Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland?

• A. Estrogen
• B. Luteinizing Hormone
• C. Progesterone
• D. Testosterone

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Luteinizing Hormone. The pituitary gland releases luteinizing hormone, which plays a crucial role in reproductive functions by stimulating ovulation in females and testosterone production in males. Choice A, Estrogen, is incorrect as estrogen is mainly produced by the ovaries. Choice C, Progesterone, is incorrect as progesterone is produced by the corpus luteum in the ovaries and the placenta during pregnancy. Choice D, Testosterone, is incorrect as testosterone is produced primarily in the testes in males and in smaller amounts in the ovaries and adrenal glands in females.

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